Факторы, повлиявшие на формирование американской версии английского языка

 Филологические науки. Языковедение.

УДК 811.11

Клунная Валерия Олеговна

Сыздыкова Лаура

Карагандинский Государственный Университет им. Е.А. Букетова

Караганда, Казахстан

ФАКТОРЫ, ПОВЛИЯВШИЕ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АМЕРИКАНСКОЙ ВЕРСИИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

        Аннотация. Данная статья описывает различные факторы, которые повлияли на формирование американской версии английского языка на территории Соединенных Штатов Америки. Работа над статьей проводилась в диахроническом порядке. Это помогло рассмотреть влияние данных факторов начиная с колониального периода до наших дней.

        Ключевые слова: американская версия английского языка, история США, рабство, акцент, эбонизм

Klunnaya Valeriya Olegovna

Syzdykova Laura

Y.A. Buketov Karaganda State University

Karaganda, Kazakhstan  

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Abstract. This article describes the various factors that influenced the formation of the American version of English in the United States of America. The work on the article was carried out in diachronic order. It helped to consider the influence of these factors from the colonial period to the present day.

Keywords: American version of English language, history of the USA, ebonism, slavery, accent.

There is no official language in the United States of America. At almost every session of Congress, it is proposed to amend the Constitution to adopt English as the official language of the United States.

This particular bill was submitted to the House of Representatives as H.J. Res. 16 (House - Judiciary) (107th Congress, 2001):

English should be the official language of the United States. English will be used as an official language. use for all public acts, including all rulings, resolutions, voting or elections, as well as for all records and legal proceedings of the United States government and several state governments. [1]

The most recent efforts to promote English as an official language were accompanied by an increase in the number of immigrants from Hispanic and Eastern countries (such as China and Vietnam), which led to an influx of non-English speakers into the United States.

American English, a kind of English spoken in the USA. Although all Americans do not speak the same way, their speech is sufficiently general that American English can be called a new version of English, different from British English, Australian English and other national varieties.

In the recent past, Americans loved to compare their country with a "melting pot", that is, a place where people of different races and nationalities mixed, thus emphasizing the unity of the nation. At present, American society is more often compared to the "salad bowl", which emphasizes the identity of each ethnic group. Sometimes American society is compared to "pizza" (pizza), the ingredients of which partially penetrated each other. "(Evdokimov, 2000: 33).

American English is different from British English. American version of English is often called a simplified version of it. Often, people who were transported to a new land did not receive proper education in their homeland and they were ordinary peasants. That is why, on arrival in the New World, people needed a simple and affordable way to communicate. It is known that not only the British and Irish moved to America, but also people from all over Europe moved there: French, Spaniards, Scandinavians, Germans, and Italians. The new nation needed a combined element of language that could overcome national differences. One of these elements was transformed English. Which had simplified grammar, pronunciation and spelling, and included elements of other languages. Unlike the British version of the English language, the American version is more flexible, open to change and easy to understand.

       Thomas Jefferson, a prominent figure in the War of Independence of the United States, one of the authors of the Declaration of Independence, 3rd President of the United States in 1801-1809, one of the founding fathers of this state, clearly saw that the American people as the number and diversity of their national interests and racial. “The new circumstances in which we find ourselves,” he wrote to John Waldo of Monticello on August 16, 1813, “require new words, new phrases, and the transfer of old words to new objects. Therefore, the American dialect will be formed"

British (mostly English) colonists introduced English to North America in the XVII-XVIII centuries, after which, under the influence of various external and internal factors, the language acquired a number of peculiar features at all language levels. Among the first British immigrants were peasants and representatives of the petty and middle bourgeoisie. It is also known that in addition to them, many immigrants who spoke Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish and even Russian arrived in America. People left for America for various reasons: someone hoped to get rich quickly, someone was hiding from the persecution of the law, someone wanted to gain political freedom, and someone wanted to get rid of religious persecution and freedom of religion. It was believed that America is a country where more opportunities than anywhere else

The English language in those days was not homogeneous even within England: in the speeches of aristocrats, peasants and the bourgeoisie, one could notice great differences. It was not a refined aristocratic version of English that came to America, but the language of the peasantry and the bourgeoisie. At the initial stage, American English was not much different from British. English colonists came from different regions of Great Britain, and the language of groups of people from different regions was different both in the pronunciation of individual words and in the use of lexical turns. There was no uniformity in the written language. The immigrants faced other problems than the inhabitants of England, different flora and fauna, the history developed differently, surrounded them, other things became priorities, other qualities were valued in people. The language simply could not absorb life the realities of the Americans - and he quickly changed. Years passed, centuries passed, and immigrants who came later made their changes in the vocabulary, phonetics and grammar of the language — during the 18th and 20th centuries, their native language changed.