Задачи по "Медицине"

7. Бақылау (сұрақтар)

1. Жүрек қан тамыр жүйесінің аурулары әлемде аурушаңдық көрсеткіші бойынша қай орында тұр?
2. Жүрек қан тамыр жүйесін зерттеу үшін қандай аспаптық әдістерді білесіз?
3. Жүрек қан тамыр жүйенің ауруларының қандай басты белгілерін білесіз?
4. Қазақстанда  жүрек қан тамыр жүйесінің аурулары өлім және аурушаңдық көрсеткіш боынша қай орында тұр? Олардың Қазақстанда таралу пайызы қанша?

1 Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of death in the country. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease have been called the "boat trinity" of mankind. In addition to this group, endocarditis, myocarditis and heart failure are also considered.

2 Methods of examination of the cardiovascular system: examination and examination of patients. Palpation and percussion of the heart, auscultation. Additional research methods include pathology of the cardiovascular system, electrocardiography (ECG), drug testing method, equipment exercise, daily Holter ECG (HMEKG), daily blood pressure monitoring (SMAD), echocardiography (Echo-KG), oxygen saturation of the blood ( non-invasive method) simultaneous change of pulse rate, radionuclide scanning, test mvAZT (microwave alternation of pulses), etc. b.

3 During dilatation of the heart, the weakened heart muscle develops due to a sharp increase in the workload in the blood, as a result of pressure, the heart expands, blood volume rises and there are signs of fatigue.

 Atrial fibrillation. This is manifested in the form of high-velocity pressure in the atrial muscle. The danger is that the atrium does not contract completely. This, in turn, leads to heart failure.

 Atrial fibrillation. Constant and frequent contraction of the atrium adversely affects the ventricle;

 Seizure (paroxysmal) tachycardia. This leads to a slowing of the heart rhythm. The disease is caused by frequent contractions of the heart;

 Coronary thrombosis is often associated with atherosclerotic abnormalities;

 Myocardial infarction is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle, an important part of the heart.

4 In Kazakhstan, over the past 7 years, mortality from acute myocardial infarction decreased from 3,476 people in 2009 to 1,876 people in 2015, or 1.8 times. The mortality rate for 10 months of 2016 was 12.18 per 100 thousand people. This is 12.1% lower than in the same period last year (for 10 months of 2015 - 13.86), according to the Ministry of Health and Social Development. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. According to the World Health Organization, 17.1 million people suffer from heart attacks and strokes annually. the person dies. It is most common among young people. Malnutrition, physical inertia, smoking and alcohol use are the main risk factors for the disease. In order to reduce mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Kazakhstan within the implementation of the State Program of Health Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016-2019, 5 socially significant diseases, non-communicable diseases and significant impact on the demographic situation in the country, including An integrated model of medical care for acute myocardial infarction is being introduced.