Лексико-семантические модификации

Chapter 1. Translation transcription

Translation transcription is a formal phonemic re-creation of the S lexical unit with the help of phonemes of the TL, a phonetic imitation of the SL word. In this case, the S word in the T text is presented in the form adapted to the pronunciation characteristics of the TL [1, 63]

     (1) My newspaper work often took me to the Tien Shan region [4, 1].

     По роду своей журналистской работы мне часто приходилось бывать на Тянь-Шане [2, 405].

The author used the method of transcription because of the absence of equivalence to the geographical name «Тянь-Шань».

     (2) "Could you give me a lift to Rybachye?" [4, 1].

     “Подвезите, пожалуйста, в Рыбачье” [2, 405].

Translator used translation transcription of geographical name “Рыбачье”

     (3) I had no chance to hear the story, for just then a Pobeda came along [4, 2].

     Дослушать заправщицу мне не удалось. Подошла попутная «Победа» [2, 406].

“Победа” is the name of the car, that’s why the author translated it with the help of translation transcription.

     (4) Shortly afterwards I was sent to the south of Kirghizia, to Osh Region [4, 2].

     Вскоре после возвращения из Нарына меня командировали на юг Киргизии, в Ошскую область [2, 406].

Olga Shartse used translation transcription to the name of the country “Киргизия”.

     (5) "Yes, very far," he exhaled slowly and after a pause added: "To the Pamirs." [4, 3]

     Да… далеко! — он медленно выдохнул дым и, помолчав, добавил: — На Памир [ 2, 408]

The author translated geographical name  “Памир” with the help of translation transcription.

     (6) My friend Alibek Djanturin was demobbed a year earlier and he had a job at the Rybachye  motor depot [4, 5].

     Друг мой Алибек Джантурин демобилизовался годом раньше [2, 409].

The proper name “Алибек Джантурин” was translated with  translation transcription.

     (7) "And I'm Asel." [ 4, 7].

     — А меня зовут Асель… [ 2, 412].

The author used translation transcription for the proper name “Асель”.

     (8) "Look out, Kadicha!" [ 4, 9].

     — Берегись, Кадича! [ 2, 414].

The proper name “Кадича” was translated with translation transcription.

     (9) Djantai came rushing in [ 4,13].

     Прибежал Джантай [ 2, 418].

Olga Shartse used translation transcription for proper name “Джантай”.

     (10) "Hey, Ilyas, get under the crane," the operator called out to me [ 4, 14].

      — Становись! Эй, Ильяс! — крикнул крановщик [ 2, 419].

The proper name “Ильяс” was translated with the help of translation transcription.

Chapter 2. Tracing

Tracing is not a sound, but a combinatorial composition of a word or phrase, when the constituent parts of a word (morpheme) or phrase (lexeme) are translated with the corresponding elements of the TL [1, 88].

     (11) One day in spring, about eighteen months ago, when I was in Naryn, a regional   centre [4, 1].

     Однажды весной, когда я находился в областном центре Нарыне, меня срочно вызвали в редакцию [2, 405].

The author used transcription and tracing in order to preserve meaning in TL.

     (12)  Shortly afterwards I was sent to the south of Kirghizia, to Osh Region [4, 2].

     Вскоре после возвращения из Нарына меня командировали на юг Киргизии, в Ошскую область [2, 406].

Transcription and tracing are also used to translate geographical name “Ошская область”.

     (13) A two-horse cart loaded with freshly-cut lucerne was trundling towards the level   crossing [4, 3].

     Пароконная бричка со свеженакошенной люцерной бежала к переезду [2, 407].

The phrase was translated with the help of tracing with change of the quantity of words.

     (14) I had served in the motorised units, and before that I had worked as a lorry driver after finishing ten-year school [4, 5].

     Служил в моторизованной части, а до этого окончил десятилетку и тоже работал шофером [ 2, 409].

The author translated this phrase with tracing and remained both elements.

     (15) It was going far too fast, even for one of the Tien Shan demon drivers [4, 2].

Он шел с огромной скоростью, пожалуй, непозволительной даже для видавших виды тянь-шаньских шоферов [2, 406].

     The author translated these words with the help of mixed translation (semantic translation+ tracing).

     (16) We only caught up with the lorry near the Dolon pass [4, 2].

     Грузовик догнали мы не скоро — почти у самого Долонского перевала [ 2, 406].