Фольклорлық бейнелеуді зерттеудің бастауы мен дамуы

7- мәтін

Origins  and Development  of the Study  of Folklore Render the text into  Kazakh/Russian

Фольклорлық бейнелеуді зерттеудің бастауы мен дамуы

Folklore is the generic name used to denote those traditional beliefs, superstitions, manners, customs and observance of ordinary people which have persisted from earlier into later periods and which, in fragmentary, modified or comparatively unchanged form, have continued to exist outside the accepted pattern of contemporary knowledge and religion, in some cases, down to modern times Folk tales, traditional ballads, folksongs, and proverbs also come under this heading and by a recent extension of meaning certain aspects of material culture originally excluded by definition.

The word folklore was introduced into English usage by W.J. Thoms in a letter written under the pseudonym of Ambrose Merton which appeared in the Athenaeum in Aug. 1846. In this he suggested that "a good Saxon compound Folk-Lore" could be more aptly used to describe "what we in England designate as Popular Antiquities, or Popular Literature ...." This suggestion was made only in passing, the main object of the letter being to arrange for the publication in the Athenaeum of notes concerning superstitions, customs, ballads, sayings and other traditional survivals *of the olden times" still existing in Britain. The word thus incidentally coined was quickly adopted and has since been absorbed into the languages of almost all the European and transatlantic countries where the science of folklore (now commonly spelled without a hyphen) is seriously studied.

Interest in what would now be called folklore had, of course, existed long before the subject acquired its modern name. The works of Herodotus, Livy and Plyny contain references to popular beliefs and practices in ancient Greece and Rome.

Фольклор - это общее название, используемое для обозначения тех традиционных верований, суеверий, манер, обычаев и соблюдения обрядов обычными людьми, которые сохранились с более ранних периодов в более поздние и которые, в фрагментарной, измененной или сравнительно неизменной форме, продолжали существовать вне общепринятого образца современных знаний и религии, в некоторых случаях, вплоть до наших дней народные сказки, традиционные баллады, народные песни и пословицы также подпадают под этот раздел, и в связи с недавним расширением значения некоторые аспекты материальной культуры первоначально исключались по определению.

Слово "фольклор" было введено в английский обиход У. Дж. Томсом в письме, написанном под псевдонимом Эмброуз Мертон, которое появилось в "Атенеуме" в августе 1846 года. В нем он предположил, что "хороший саксонский сложный фольклор" можно было бы более точно использовать для описания "того, что мы в Англии называем популярными древностями или популярной литературой...." Это предложение было сделано лишь вскользь, основной целью письма было организовать публикацию в "Атенеуме" заметок, касающихся суеверий, обычаев, баллад, поговорок и других традиционных пережитков "былых времен", все еще существующих в Британии. Случайно придуманное таким образом слово было быстро принято и с тех пор вошло в языки почти всех европейских и трансатлантических стран, где серьезно изучается наука о фольклоре (сейчас обычно пишется без дефиса).

Интерес к тому, что сейчас назвали бы фольклором, существовал, конечно, задолго до того, как предмет приобрел свое современное название. Работы Геродота, Ливия и Плиния содержат ссылки на народные верования и практики в Древней Греции и Риме.

Сұрақтары:

1. Is folklore the generic name used to emphasize traditional beliefs , customs?
2. Do the works of Herodotus, livy, plyny, contain references to practices in acient Greece and Rome?
3. Who introduced the word “Folklore”?
4. Whay is the origin of the word  “Folklore”?
5. Was the word  “Folklore” introduced in 1946 or 1846?

8-мәтін

Folklore Societies

By the middle of the 19th century a growing interest in folklore was becoming evident not only through the publication of serious works but also through the many contributions to the "Bygones" or "Folk-Lore" columns printed in various newspapers and magazines, including Notes and Queries, the journal founded in 1849 by W.J. Thoms. In 1876 a letter published in that paper urged the formation of a society which could undertake the collection and printing of *all the scattered bits of folklore which we read of in books and hear of in the flesh." Two years later, the Folk-lore society was founded in London, with W.J. Thoms as its director and G.L. (later Sir Laurence) Gomme as its honorary secretary. The society's function was to publish books and monographs dealing with folklore in general and to issue a periodical which, as the first prospectus stated, would contain "those scatted notes on the popular superstitions, legends and ballads, which are almost the only traces of the primitive mythology of our islands." This periodical first appeared in Feb. 1879 as an annual called The Folk-lore Record and, after passing through various changes, became a quarterly known as Folklore.