The embodiment of the concept of time in English and Russian cultures

Content

Introduction…………………………………………… 3

Chapter 1. Meaning and content of the terms "concept", "time"

1.1 Definition of the concept ……………………… 4

1.2 The concept of time and the concept of "time" in Russian language …………………………………………………. 6

1.3 The concept of time and the concept of "time" in English language …………………………………………………..8

Chapter 2. The embodiment of the concept of time in English and Russian cultures

2.1 Monochronic and polychronic concepts of time ………………………………………………………. 9

2.2 The English "time" through the prism of English stable expressions.

……………………………………………… ………10

2.3 The conditional division of time into segments ……………………………….. ………………………12

Conclusion …………………………………………… 13

References ……………………………………………... 14

Test ……………………………………………………. 14

Introduction

Concepts of «time» in Russian and English world pictures

Different nations have different cultures. Some live in houses, others in yurts, some sit on the floor, and others on chairs. We are perplexed when we see that people eat with chopsticks, because you can take a spoon or fork! However, we understand that this is the culture of another people. It is less clear when different peoples evaluate objective concepts differently that do not depend on a person, his nationality, language or culture, for example, TIME.

Time is an abstract concept. It does not depend on the person. Time cannot be stopped, reversed, overtaken. But the man broke it into segments, made it subjective. For example, the same "objective" period of time can be long or short, pleasant or difficult. The subjective assessment of time depends on the state of a person, his mood, the situation, the company, the attitude to time in a given society. Remember the phrases: time drags on, time flies, have a good time, hard times.

We have the following goals:

• Learn new information about given concept

• Study the theoretical material on this topic

• Compare Russian and English time calculus

• Find common and different things in relation to time among our nations

• Strengthen your knowledge and take the test

The object of the study is directly concepts of «time» in Russian and English languages.

The structure of the work consists of an introduction, two chapters of three paragraphs and a conclusion.

The volume includes 15 pages.

Chapter 1

Meaning and content of the terms "concept", "time"

1.1 Definition of the concept

The concept of the concept "time" is a key one in our work, therefore it is necessary first of all to identify the meaning of the term "concept" itself. There are several approaches to its definition. The term "concept" appeared in the scientific literature as early as 1928 in S.A. Askold's article "Concept and Word", where the author understood the concept as "a mental formation that replaces an indefinite set of objects of the same kind in the process of thought". Further, he says that one should not think that the concept is always a substitute for real objects, it can be a substitute of various kinds: purely mental functions. D.S. Likhachev, continuing Askold's reasoning, proposed to consider the concept "an algebraic expression of meaning, because a person simply does not have time to grasp the meaning in all its complexity, sometimes he cannot, and sometimes he interprets it in his own way (depending on his education, personal experience, belonging to a certain environment, profession, etc.)"

The concept exists in the language with ready-made lexemes and phraseological combinations from the lexical and phraseological system of the language; free phrases; structural and positional schemes of sentences bearing typical propositions (syntactic concepts); texts and sets of texts (if necessary, explication or discussion of the content of complex, abstract or individually authored concepts). Concepts can be:

• stable – having language means of verbalization assigned to them;

• unstable – having no means of verbalization assigned to them, unstable, still forming, deeply personal, rarely or practically not verbalized at all.

The presence of a linguistic expression for the concept, its regular verbalization, keep the concept in a stable, stable state, make it well-known (since the meanings of the words by which it is transmitted are well-known, they are interpreted by native speakers, reflected in dictionaries). Researchers I.A.Sternin and Z.D.Popov suggests the following model of the concept: the core of the concept is a sensual basic image, acting as a coding image of the universal subject code. This image belongs to the existential layer of consciousness and, as some observations show, has an operational or objective character, based on the biodynamic and sensory tissue of consciousness. The basic image is surrounded by a cognitive layer that is specifically sensory in its origin, reflecting the sensually perceived properties, signs of the object. The core of the concepts that were formed were the signs originally isolated by man, and around the core were the signs isolated at