Physical basis of solar batteries and their application in the energy sector

Physical basis of solar batteries and their application in the energy sector.

Khodiev Alisher Abrorovich

Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev

Abstract. Solar panels are one of the most promising sources of renewable energy in the modern world. They convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy, which allows it to be used to power various devices and systems.

The basis of the operation of solar cells is the photoelectric effect, which lies in the fact that when light hits a semiconductor material, electrons escape from the atoms of the material. These electrons can be collected and used to create an electric current.

Solar batteries can be used both in autonomous systems, for example, to power houses, scientific stations and other objects in remote areas, and in centralized energy systems. They can be installed on the roofs of buildings, on the ground or on special structures.

The use of solar panels reduces the consumption of oil, gas and coal, which contributes to reducing pollution and combating climate change. They can also be used to create autonomous power systems in disaster and emergency situations.

The development of technologies for the production of solar cells and an increase in their efficiency makes them more accessible and attractive for use in various industries and life.

However, despite all the advantages, solar panels also have their drawbacks. One of the main disadvantages is the dependence on weather conditions. During the day, when the sun is shining brightly, electricity production is at its maximum, but during the night or when the weather is cloudy, electricity production is reduced.

Another disadvantage is the high cost of installing solar panels. Although solar panels are becoming more affordable every year, their cost is still high compared to traditional energy sources.

It is also important to consider that the production of solar cells requires the use of rare metals, which can lead to environmental and supply issues for these materials in the future.

Overall, solar panels are a promising source of renewable energy that can help reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and reduce environmental pollution. However, before using solar panels, it is necessary to carefully study all their advantages and disadvantages in order to determine their effectiveness in a particular situation.

Key words. solar cells, photovoltaic effect, energy conversion, electrical energy, energy source, environmental friendliness, long service life, maintenance, remote areas, weather dependent, high installation cost, rare metals, renewable energy, pollution reduction.

Introductions. Solar panels are devices that convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. They are based on the photoelectric effect, which is that light with enough energy can knock electrons out of atoms in a semiconductor and create an electric current.

Solar panels are widely used in the energy sector to generate electricity. They are used as a source of energy for homes, offices and other buildings, as well as to power various devices such as mobile phones, laptops and other portable devices.

One of the main advantages of solar panels is their environmental friendliness. They do not emit harmful substances into the environment and do not produce noise, unlike traditional energy sources such as gasoline or diesel generators.

In addition, solar panels have a long service life and do not require constant maintenance. They can also work in remote areas where there is no access to mains power.

However, solar panels also have disadvantages, such as dependence on weather conditions and high installation costs. Also, the production of solar cells requires the use of rare metals, which can lead to environmental problems and problems with the supply of these materials in the future.

Overall, solar panels are a promising source of renewable energy that can help reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and reduce environmental pollution. However, before using solar panels, it is necessary to carefully study all their advantages and disadvantages in order to determine their effectiveness in a particular situation.

Methods. Analysis of the process of converting solar energy into electrical energy in solar batteries. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy in solar panels is based on the photoelectric effect. When photons of light hit the surface of a semiconductor, they can strip electrons from the atoms of the material, creating electron-hole pairs. These pairs move under the influence of an electric field created inside the battery and create a current.

Solar panels are made up of many solar cells that are connected in series and parallel to provide the desired level of voltage and current. Solar cells can be of various types, including silicon, cadmium telluride, and organic.