Features of the psychological image of characters in the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby

Introduction.............................................................................................................    2

Chapter One.

1.1 Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald: The Great American dreamer and one of the best writers in the world ..........................................................................................          9

1.2 A novel in criticism. The study of the novel.……………….                             14

Chapter Two

2.1 The main and secondary characters of  The Great Gatsby. The Jazz Age and Ice Age....................................................................                                                         16        

 Chapter Three

3.1 Features of the psychological image of characters in the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby ……………………………………….                        23

3.2 Parts of the Speech and Linguistic Features ………………………………       26

The Conclusion.............................................................................................             28

Bibliography.................................................................................................             32

Introduction

The aim of this master thesis is to compare and analyse one of fascinating and bestsellers in the world, the life work of mr. Fitzgerald`s, The Great Gatsby. The innovative use of language and interesting story certified its place among the classics. Stylistic analysis is an attempt to find the artistic principles underlying a writer’s choice of language. However, as all texts have their individual qualities, the linguistic features which recommend themselves to the attention in one text will not necessarily be important in another text by the same or a different author. Therefore, Leech and Short (2000: 74-82) propose a useful checklist of linguistic and stylistic categories which are placed under four general headings: lexical categories, grammatical categories, figures of speech, and cohesion and context, each containing several subcategories, and inevitably with some overlapping. Lexical categories are used to find out how choice of words involves various types of meaning. They may contain a general description of vocabulary choice, and examinations of nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, etc. Grammatical categories, on the other hand, probe into such branches as sentence types, sentence complexity, clause types, clause structure, noun or verb phrases, word classes, and so on and so forth. This chapter is devoted to a general analysis of the stylistic features in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby from the lexical and grammatical category. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part contains Francis Scott Fitzgerald‘s biography together with the summary of the story of  The Great Gatsby and also some information about all three translators. The next part presents an analysis of the language and style of the original. Furthermore the thesis discusses the themes, motifs, symbols and key facts in the novel.

It is possible to say what literature is only on the basis of a broad study of human history. It should not be thought that this word refers to some single, once and for all definite phenomenon. The history of human culture shows that what we call literature arose from phenomena that, from our modern point of view, hardly resemble literature. These phenomena developed and changed as the form of human existence developed and changed. The primitive song of a primitive man, sometimes representing a little meaningful selection of sounds to the beat of the labor process, is already the root of literature, and music and poetry develop from it. Games and round dances among the ancient peoples, accompanying their festivities, connected either with the beginning or end of field work, then with war or hunting, or with family events like a wedding or funeral, are both the beginning of literature and the beginning of a cult (religion). Only with a historical study of the life of human society is it revealed what literature was at different times. Each age has its own definition of literature. Literature refers to human verbal activity. Language or speech is a way of transmitting thoughts from person to person. To save speech, it is written down, printed, memorized. This will be a literary work. Literary works taken together form literature. Literature is the art of the word, one of the main types of art. This term refers to any works of human thought, fixed in writing. Therefore, literature is technical, scientific, reference, fiction, journalistic, documentary, memoir, educational. In the usual and at the same time more strict sense, literature is called works of art fixed in the written word. Unlike painting, sculpture, music, dance, which have an object-sensory form from some matter (paint, stone, etc.) or from action (string sound, body movement), literature creates its form from words, from language, which, embodied in sounds and letters, is comprehended not in sensory perception, but in intellectual understanding. It is in the art of the word that a person as a bearer of spirituality becomes an object of reproduction and comprehension from various points of view, the main point of application of artistic forces, even when it is not directly about him, but about the world around him.

The 1930s became a period of intense search for English literature, which went down in the history of England under the name "stormy thirties".

Shaken by the economic crisis of 1929-1933, the country faced great difficulties. They were associated with economic decline, with the growing army of the unemployed, with a new decline in the living standards of the working people. As a result of the crisis, large industrial areas of the country—Wales, Lancashire, Northumberland, and others—turned into "depression areas." Mines, factories, shipyards were closed. In the spring of 1930, the hungry march of the unemployed to London began. In August 1931 the Labor government, having betrayed the interests of the workers, fell. A coalition government was created, which included among its members representatives of the main bourgeois parties. The leading role in this government, loudly calling itself "national", belonged to the conservatives, who led a decisive attack on the rights and interests of workers. All the activities of the "national" government were characterized by extreme reaction, which did not fail to affect the activation of fascist organizations. The first of them, called "British Fascists", arose as early as 1923. In the 1930s, the British Union of Fascists was created in England, headed by the millionaire Oswald Mosley, who was one of the ministers of the just-fallen Labor government and a prominent figure in the Executive Committee of the Labor Party. Now Mosley became the leader of the most reactionary elements who opposed any manifestation of democratic sentiments, threw their forces into suppressing the labor movement and sought to kindle a war against the Soviet Union and establish the "world domination" of  British imperialism.