Navigation lights and emergency lighting
Автор: Руслан Рахимов • Январь 26, 2022 • Контрольная работа • 2,813 Слов (12 Страниц) • 220 Просмотры
Федеральное государственное образовательное бюджетное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
БАЛТИЙСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ РЫБОПРОМЫСЛОВОГО
ФЛОТА
Контрольняая работа
По дисциплине:
«Деловой английский язык»
Тема:
«Navigation lights and emergency lighting»
Выполнил:
Студент группы 19 ЭЛМзу
Журавлёв Ю.А.
Проверил:
преподователь
Кухоренко Н.В.
Калининград – 2022
Вариант 3
Перепишите письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
Navigation lights and emergency lighting.
The number, position and visible range of navigation lights on board ships is prescribed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea' (COLREGs).
The most common arrangement is to have five specially-designed navigation running lights referred to as foremast, mainmast (or aftmast), port, starboard and stern. Two anchor lights, fitted forward and aft, may also be switched from the navigation light panel on the bridge. The side lights are red for port and green for starhoard, while the other lights are white. For vessels of more than 50 metres in length, the masthead light(s) must be visible from a range of 6 nautical miles and the other navigation lights from 3 nautical miles. To achieve such visibility, special incandescent filament lamps are used, each with a typical power rating of 65 W, hut 60 W and 40 W ratings are also permitted in some cases.
Due to the essential safety requirement for navigation lights, it is common practice to have two fittings at each position, or two lamps and lampholders within a dual fitting.
Each light is separately supplied, switched, fused and monitored from a navigation light panel in the wheelhouse. The electric power is usually provided at 220 V AC, with a main supply fed from the essential services section of the main switchboard.
An alternative or standby power supply is fed from the emergency switchboard. A changeover switch on the navigation light panel selects the main or standby power supply.
The navigation light panel has indicator LEDs and an audible alarm lo warn of any lamp or lamp circuit failure. Each lamp circuit is monitored by the electronic circuit for the lamp current.
Various signal lights with red, green and white colours are arranged on the signal mast. These lights are switched in combinations that signal states relating to various international and national regulations.
Pilotage requirements, health, dangerous cargo conditions, etc. are all signalled with these lights. White morse code flashing lights may also be fitted on the signal mast. The NUC (Not Under Command) state is signalled using two all-round red lights vertically mounted at least 2 in apart.
Depending on the ship's Classification and tonnage, the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention prescribes requirements for emergency lighting throughout the vessel. Most of the emergency lighting is continually powered from the ship's emergency switchboard at 220 V AC. Emergency lights at the staircases and through the escape route may be supplied from the ship's 24 V DC battery supply.
The main and emergency lighting systems sources of electrical power, associated transformers, switchboards and central lighting distribution panels must be arranged so that a fire or other incident would not cause the failure of both systems, i.e. the components of the main and emergency lighting systems must not be located in the same rooms. If the main power supply fails, the emergency lighting system must switch on automatically.
Passenger ships and RoRo passenger ships must also be fitted with a special battery-supported emergency lighting system along main escape routes in the engine room and accommodation and at the lifeboat positions on deck, Passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers are required to be fitted with low location lighting (LLL) to identify escape routes where normal emergency lighting is less effective due to the presence of smoke. A LLL system must function for at least 60 minutes after activation and it should indicate a line along the corridors of an escape route.
Навигационные огни и аварийное освещение.
Количество, расположение и дальность видимости навигационных огней на борту судов устанавливается Международной морской организацией (ММО) в Международных правилах предупреждения столкновений судов в море (МППСС).
Чаще всего используется пять специально разработанных навигационных ходовых огней, обозначаемых как фок-мачта, грот-мачта (или афт-мачта), левый, правый и кормовой борт. Два якорных огня, установленные в носовой и кормовой частях судна, также могут управляться с панели навигационных огней на мостике. Боковые огни левого борта имеют красный цвет, а для правого борта - зеленый, остальные огни - белые. Для судов, длина которых превышает 50 метров, мачтовый(ые) огонь(ы) должен(ы) быть виден(ы) на расстоянии 6 морских миль, а другие навигационные огни - на расстоянии 3 морских миль. Чтобы добиться такой видимости, используются специальные лампы накаливания, каждая из которых обычно имеет мощность 65 Вт, но в некоторых случаях допускается использование ламп мощностью 60 Вт и 40 Вт. Учитывая важнейшие требования безопасности к навигационным огням, принято устанавливать два светильника на каждом месте или две лампы и плафоны в одном светильнике.
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