The Novel and the Individual Self

Tikhonova Ekaterina

The Novel and the Individual Self

We can consider the issue of individuality in a novel in different ways. First of all, the personality of the author who writes the novel strongly influences the development of this genre and brings new features to the tradition. The personality of the author is associated with the biography, historical and social context, which in turn affects the social plan of the work. The problematic of the novel is inextricably linked with the individuality of the author, the way he perceived the changes in reality (what questions were relevant to him - Aphra Behn, how he felt about the political situation in the country - Jonathan Swift, whether religion was of great importance to the author - John Bunyan).

One of the examples of the author's individuality can be considered the novel "Oroonoko". It is notable for the fact that readers are introduced to the female narrative in the novel. The woman storyteller serves as a strong reflection of the role of women in society throughout the 18th century. Women in this historical period were most often expected to remain silent and aloof, simply observing rather than actively contributing. However, Aphra Behn, through Oroonoko and other male characters, represents masculinity and domination of men, but the author complements the plot with strong female characters who also have the right to rule. Aphra Behn opposes patriarchy in the literary tradition. Of course, this was a big step in the development of the novel, many aspiring writers realized that they also had a right to express themselves.

On the other hand, we can talk about the individuality of the characters in the novel and trace who and why becomes the head of the written plot. Of course, the personality should be close to the reader, we should correlate and compare ourselves with the heroes of the novel, sympathize and empathize with them. Characters should inspire readers or teach them something important. Thus, we can give quite a few examples here.

As we can see, the "Pilgrim’s Progress" by John Bunyan is very allegorical. There are no heroes in it close to the present, but every religious person who reads strives to be like a Christian. The Pilgrim's progress symbolizes the life of a believer who faces many difficulties, overcomes passions and desires, and bears a heavy burden to go to heaven, not hell. The book shows that it is possible, the main thing is not to sin and go your own way, then the Lord will be favorable to us. In particular, the second part shows that not only a man can overcome such a difficult path and defeat monsters (allegorically - temptations). Women and children are also capable of this, if they are courageous and unshakable.

Of course, the personality of Christian and his wife became a role-model for many religious and non-religious people. The book teaches the reader a lot. What is more, Banyan simplified Christianity, made it accessible to all. The strength of "Pilgrim’s Progress" lies in its ingenious simplicity and unique ability to open the way for the reader to moral improvement.

Another example to follow is "Euphues"  from John Lyly's novel. It is a didactic and educational work. The main character is similar to ordinary people and his experience is very instructive. His frivolity and unwillingness to listen to the advice of a mentor are edifying. Readers get the opportunity to see themselves in this character and avoid mistakes and disappointments made by him.