Maintenance and repair of components of a grain seeder

УДК 631.331

Maintenance and repair of components of a grain seeder

Guryanova A. A.

Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named

after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov

Abstract: The article is devoted to a brief overview of the correctness of the setting of the seeder and its technical condition when sowing crops. The processes of repair of the seeding apparatus, the seeder, the trailer device and the undercarriage of the seeder are considered.

Keywords: seeder, agriculture, maintenance, repair.

The timeliness of sowing, as well as planting crops, is considered the key to obtaining high yields and allows you to effectively use spring moisture. Also, the amount of yield is significantly influenced by the correct setting of the seeder and its technical condition. In this regard, it is necessary to know how the maintenance and repair of machines for sowing and planting crops takes place.

Seeders include agricultural machines designed to distribute the prescribed dose of seeds to a given depth. Also, when sowing together with seeds, a starting dose of fertilizers can be applied.

At the end of the shift, it is necessary to clean the main and auxiliary units of the seeder from dirt, dust and plant residues. Due to the fact that fertilizers and seeds treated with a mordant can contribute to accelerated corrosion, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the containers from the remnants of treated seeds and fertilizers.

It is necessary to check the general technical condition of the seeder, the tightening of bolted connections, the tension of the gear mechanisms, the fastening of the chassis and support wheels.

If the equipment has inoperable or faulty elements, it is necessary to carry out routine repairs of the corresponding nodes.

 Repair of the sowing machine of the seeder

The main types of malfunctions of mechanical grain seeders include wear of rollers, erasing of grooves and breaking out of the edges of coils. There may also be cracks in the coil housings and valve breakage. After the defect, the worn-out coils are repaired by replacing the failed elements or replacing the entire coil. In case of deformation of the drive shafts, they are adjusted without preheating.

Before repairing the sowing machines of pneumatic seeders, they are cleaned of dust and dirt. Remove the foci of oxidation of the surface under the rubber seal. The coil cover is drilled and a single plane with the body is achieved.

Worn holes for threaded connections are cleaned for subsequent installation of additional washers for nuts. The protruding parts of the cotter pins are bent to prevent the gasket from skewing at the time of installation. After assembling the seeding machine, it is necessary to make sure that all the elements work well and that the drive chains are stretched.

Repair of seeder coulters

Coulters during the operation of the drill come into contact with the soil, which acts on them as an abrasive material. A common criterion for judging the degree of wear of the disc coulter is the gap between the discs. If the gap does not exceed 5 mm, then the coulter is washed without disassembly in case of a defect, provided that the bearing assembly is serviceable.

Single disc coulters most often have wear in the diametric direction. The working edges are also blunt. The plane of the disk can be deformed when hitting rocks and other obstacles. With increased wear of the discs in the diametric direction, they are discarded.