Concept of MOOCs

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Introduction

Despite the fact that the concept of MOOCs has firmly entered pedagogical science, but its exact definition has not yet been developed, only different authors offer different interpretations reflecting the main properties (constituent elements) of MOOCs. Under MOOK we will understand such a form of e-learning based on an open (publicly available), mass Internet course that includes multimedia educational resources (text, graphics, audio and video information, static and dynamic objects), supporting interactivity, joint filling of course content, being a continuation of individual open educational resources, i.e. close interaction of all participants of the educational process in real time, based on dialog in the form of various chat rooms, communities, and forums for the development of educational resources. Examples of the most popular international MOOK platforms include Coursera (April 2012), EdX (May 2012), Udacity (February 2012), FutureLearn (December 2012), Khan Academy (October 2006), Udemy (2010), Russian platforms include Arzamas, Lectorium, National Platform "Open Education", Interuniversity electronic educational platform "Universalium", University without Borders, National Open University "INTUIT" and others.

JAOC is a form of open education offered remotely via free internet access. JAOC has been widely developed since 2008, after which the term itself appeared. Online course is a structured set of types, forms and means of learning activities, implemented with the use of targeted (providing the achievement of specific results and aimed at the formation of competencies provided by educational programs of higher education) and distance learning technologies, based on a set of electronic educational resources, interconnected within a single pedagogical scenario. The concept of Online Courses is based on the basic principles of the new learning theory: diversity of author's approaches, creation of conditions for making independent decisions, building individual educational trajectories of learning. Online courses, first of all, increase motivation and, as a consequence, independence of students in mastering the competencies necessary for professional activity in the global digital world.

The quantity and quality of modern digital technologies create conditions for the development of new methods of their use in education accumulated by society, as well as the application of the world experience of innovative solutions in the field of digitalization of education. This leads to a cardinal change in the information technology paradigm of education development. Subsequently, the system of informatics teacher training is the most important driving force for the development of the digital economy. These are highly qualified specialists who create and implement new technologies, developing and applying software algorithms for digital data processing in various sectors of the economy. Digitalization and globalization of education promotes the development of new educational structures and organizations, stimulates the creation of innovative approaches to the application of digital technologies, and expands approaches to the use of Internet resources. The main trend in modern education is the concept of an open online course, one of the main features of which is the wide application of modern digital technologies based on information networks in the learning process. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are important elements of open education. The main objectives of the course include: solving problems related to overcoming the information inequality of various social groups in society; developing information culture; constantly updating competencies related to the use of digital technologies by providing wide access to information resources of the entire world community. Features of open online courses include flexibility, consisting in the possibility to train at any convenient time, in any place and at any pace. Open access to information, flexibility in the choice of content, technology and pace of cognitive activity, place and time of study provide ample opportunities for creating an individual learning environment and building on it an individual educational trajectory.

In a broad sense, MOOCs are the introduction of new and progressive educational technologies, methods, techniques and tools to meet the diverse educational needs of today's learners, democratization of education, changing, expanding and strengthening the principles of education towards humanization, regionalization, technologization and personalization of the function and role of all subjects of education. Strengthening of the narrow sense leads to the rational use of teaching time within the framework of increasing the information capacity of the content of education; opovyshenie energy and productivity of the educational process with the help of active methods and forms of learning, computers and other technical means, ostimulation of motivation, activity and cognitive activity of students, continuous professional development of students, outdated authoritarian training all together leads to the optimization of student learning, increases the effectiveness of learning. It is obvious that the speed of all changes, including increased competition in the labor market, is not that today's diplomas are more important to potential employers, but in the education and professionalism of graduates leaving the university ekeni anyk. Taking into account the new tests, the university introduces a maximum number of practical and realistic exercises in all courses of study and introduces various forms, approaches and methods of adapting students to teamwork. This is a standard in any work environment. Teamwork, including teaching and learning activities, is impossible without communication, so even in the presence of technical assistance, forms, methods, receivers and means aimed at cooperation do not violate the role of the teacher, his experience and knowledge in the educational process.

Materials and methods

MOOCs provide:

* Free access to educational content for all;

* With access to the Internet, you can simultaneously attend many students and courses from anywhere in the world;

JAOC allows:

- In order to prove successful course completion at major universities, remotely, with the possibility of independent free tuition (subject to foreign language skills) from the best teachers in the world;

- Increasing the technical equipment and productivity of the educational process for teachers, consolidation of the knowledge obtained by students and independent online assessment, stimulating independent work of students, increasing the number of trained modules/directions of the student's choice, ensuring transparency of training, reducing the classroom load, increasing flexibility in planning the educational process, improving the quality of training, improving the quality of educational programs improvement, updating the content.