Comparison of ornamental plants in rural and urban schools

Content

Introduction

The basis of ornamental garden farming is green plants. They are the most important branch of Home Economics. The structure of landscaping includes ornamental trees, shrubs, seedlings and flower growing.            
        The importance of green ornamental plants is very high. From the educational decorative green field instills love for adults and children, for nature. Acorns enrich the soil with nitrogen, increasing its fertility. The farm is protected by smooth and rough rows. Protects buildings from excess heat. Helps in the movement of pedestrians or cars.Maintaining cleanliness protects green crops from cold land in winter, heat in summer, drying out. Many plants have the ability to protect residential areas from the water of the city. Ivy plants protect dwellings from the direct rays of the sun. During the growth period, plants absorb moisture and gas from the surrounding environment. Also in the leaves of trees and shrubs, the green process of gas exchange takes place, purifying the air above the surface.
        Maintaining cleanliness sanitary hygienic sowing protects against cold winds in winter and heat in summer. Blue has the ability to protect plants from city noise throughout the territory. Residential buildings are shielded from the direct rays of the sun. During the growth period, plants absorb carbon dioxide, enriching the surrounding environment with moisture, oxygen. Also, the dust on the leaves of trees and shrubs cleared the surface layer of air.
        Phytoncytic substances secreted by pine, House nuts, spruce, elderberry, juniper, oak destroy many disease-causing microorganisms. In summer, in just one day, Juniper allocates 30 kg of such a substance per 1 ha of forest. It is enough to destroy all microbes in the territory of the average city.
        The main goal of gardening is to provide residents with the most comfortable conditions for cultural recreation and successful work. Instilling in the surrounding nature a feeling of careful attitude with love. Compliance of the earth with soil climatic conditions[1].
        The relevance of this work: Determined by the diverse role of green spaces, including landscaping of school territories. In addition, no one has previously compared the species composition of plants on the sites of rural and urban schools.
        The purpose of this work: To give a brief description and compare the plants used in the landscaping of some school grounds of the city of Pavlodar and the village of Novoyamyshevo​.
        To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:
1. Compare the plants growing on the school grounds of the city of Pavlodar and the village of ​Novoyamyshevo and filmed by me; ​
2. Give a brief botanical description of the previously described plants growing on the territories of the schools of the city of Pavlodar and the village of Novoyamyshevo
        The object of the study is the school sites of the city of Pavlodar and the village of Novoyamyshevo.

Practical significance:
1. Use data on plant elements in the landscaping of school grounds.
2. Use data on the species composition of plants on school grounds.
        Hypothesis: It consists in an equal increase in the diversity of green spaces on the territory of rural and urban schools, planting trees and shrubs, maintaining the purity and quality of atmospheric air and creating decor.​

1. Literature review

1. Environment and plants             

Pavlodar -  is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan, 450 km northeast of the capital city of Astana, and 405 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk on the Irtysh River, the administrative center of the Pavlodar region. The city includes the village of Leninsky, the villages of Moyyldy, Pavlodarskoye and Kenzhekolsky, Kenessky rural okrug.The population of the city is 331,700 inhabitants (2009) [2]. There are oil refining, chemical, aluminum, electrolysis, metallurgical, cardboard-roofing material, machine-building and tractor plants in the city. The climate is temperate, sharply continental. Long severe winter with stable snow cover and hot summer with little precipitation. The average temperature in January is 17.8 degrees below zero, and in July it is 21.2 degrees Celsius. The average annual precipitation is 255 mm [3].

The average annual air temperature is 3.4 °C

Relative humidity — 67.5 %. Average wind speed — 3.2 m/s. The map of Pavlodar is shown in Picture 1

[pic 1]

Picture 1

1.2. The main forms of landscaping of the school territory

Landscaping of the school territory primarily serves the purposes of aesthetic and labor education of students. There are many lawns and flower beds on the territory, but the main part is woody and shrubby vegetation. Trees and shrubs grow in the foreground of the school site, around the school building. The basis is made up of tree plantations, hedges of shrubby vegetation, a small part is made up of flowerbeds with floral and decorative vegetation [4].
        Landscaping of the school territory should primarily serve the purposes of aesthetic education of students. Lawns, flower beds with flower plants should be placed in front of the school building, in the foreground of the school site, along the main paths, near the green classroom.
        For proper use and placement of ornamental plants, first of all, you need to constantly remember about the features of the site – its moisture content and illumination. When selecting plants for flowers , it is necessary to take into account their height, the structure of the shoots, the color of the leaves, the color and size of the flowers [5].