State regulation of the social protection system (Государственное регулирование системы социальной защиты)

List of questions for self-study №12

State regulation of the social protection system. General assessment of the situation in the social sphere in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Umiralieva Anar MN20-11

The development of the system of state regulation of the social sphere in Kazakhstan at the end of the century took place mainly along the way of mitigating the negative socio-economic consequences of the economic downturn, high inflation and unemployment. In particular, extra-budgetary social funds (employment, pension, social insurance), mechanisms for indexing social payments and a network of institutions to support socially vulnerable categories of citizens were created.

The consequences of the global financial crisis and other unfavorable factors led in 2006 to a sharp reduction in budget revenues in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which required the reorganization of the budget system and further limited the possibilities of financing the social sphere.

In transitional societies, including Kazakhstan, in fact, the old model of social protection of the population has been destroyed in the form of social guarantees for work, free education and medical services, etc., while there are chronically insufficient financial resources for the emerging new model of social protection.

Currently, there is a critical situation with obtaining acceptable incomes, employment, nutrition and medical care for the population, especially rural. Society has polarized into rich and poor. The latter make up the bulk of the social structure of the population. Low incomes cause degradation of consumer standards .

In this situation, social support of the population cannot be carried out only at the level of monetary compensation mechanisms, as in developed industrial countries. Significantly corrects the content of social policy in the newly independent states, a weakened economy, low financial budget potencies and a large spread of poverty among the population.

In conditions of constant and severe budgetary and financial constraints, the system of social protection of the population in Kazakhstan, as well as in other post-socialist countries, has been primitized to "assistance" and has lost its systemic features. It has been reduced to the plane of taking emergency monetary and compensatory measures against certain segments of the population, or labor collectives that can prevent social cataclysms in society (mass riots, hunger strikes, etc.).

Table

The main indicators of uneven income distribution 2006-2010

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The peculiarity of the state regulation of the social sphere of Kazakhstan is that there is no clear boundary between the subsystems of social insurance and social assistance (social security). Many marginal segments of the population began to be given cash benefits instead of pensions involving labor contributions. Objectively, social insurance payments should exceed social assistance payments due to the labor nature of the former.

In accordance with the principle of "budget separatism", the burden of social spending is increasingly transferred to local budgets. Non-profit organizations also play some (so far insignificant) role in the social protection of the population. The National Fund for the Support of Low-Income Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan allocates, as funds become available, albeit in a small amount, need benefits and micro-loans.

Social protection of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the expense of social insurance funds was previously regulated by the relevant Law "On Compulsory Social Insurance" of July 18, 1996, according to which the following types of social guarantees were provided to citizens of the country: pension provision, benefits for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, health-improving services, social support in case of unemployment, compulsory medical insurance, child birth allowance, burial allowance.

The funds of compulsory social insurance were formed at the expense of mandatory contributions from employers and individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activity without the formation of a legal entity in the amount of 31.5% of the salary fund. Of these, 15% went to the State Pension Payment Center, 10% - accumulative pension funds, 1.5% - the State Social Insurance Fund, 2% - the Employment Assistance Fund, 3% - the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund .

The economic crisis of the early and mid-90s caused the crisis of the social insurance system, which was expressed in the low level of collection of social insurance contributions, both due to a drop in the basic indicators of their collection, and the disinterest of payers in their full and timely transfer to social funds. This has led to large-scale debt owed to pensioners and benefit recipients.

Inflationary depreciation of social funds is not it ensured the needs of pensioners and recipients of benefits in the subsistence minimum and caused the need for constant indexation of social benefits with increasingly limited funds. There is also a problem of the negative impact of a high deduction rate on the economy and the need to reduce it in order to reduce production costs.

At the beginning of the century, payments to social funds were transformed into a single social tax. Its funds, in theory, should have a strictly targeted purpose, i.e. be sent to the State Center for the Payment of Pensions. The State Center for Payment of Medical Services and Employment Services.

The social tax was introduced instead of the reorganized extra-budgetary social funds that operated in Kazakhstan until 2009. We share concerns about the misuse of social tax funds coming into the general budget.

It should be noted that in the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are many shortcomings in the activities of extra-budgetary social funds. This issue was discussed in detail at parliamentary hearings in 2010. At the same time, it was considered inappropriate to start a serious organization of social funds, as this could lead "to the destabilization of their work and the reduction of legislatively fixed social guarantees for the population."

Thus, at present, the following areas of social protection of the population and state regulation of the social sphere can be conditionally distinguished in Kazakhstan: protection of the unemployed, partial payment of medical services, social assistance (benefits), pension provision.

Список вопросов для самостоятельной работы № 12

Государственное регулирование системы социальной защиты. Общая оценка ситуации в социальной сфере в Республике Казахстан

Умиралиева Анар МН20-11

Развитие системы государственного регулирования социальной сферы в Казахстане в конце столетия происходило в основном по пути смягчения негативных социально-экономических последствий экономического спада, высокой инфляции и безработицы. В частности, были созданы внебюджетные социальные фонды (занятости, пенсионный, социального страхования), механизмы индексации социальных выплат и сеть учреждений по поддержке социально уязвимых категорий граждан.