Уильям Гарвей и открытие кровообращения

МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

 ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АГРАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

имени императора Петра I»

(ФГБОУ ВО Воронежский ГАУ)

Факультет ветеринарной медицины и технологии животноводства

Кафедра русского и иностранных языков

Реферат на тему:

«Уильям Гарвей и открытие кровообращения»

(William Harvey and the discovery of circulation)

Выполнила обучающаяся

По направлению 36.05.01

Ветеринария

Ильгова Анна Алексеевна

Проверил

Доцент, к.п.н. Завгородняя

Елена Леонидовна

Воронеж 2019

Introduction

The importance of William Harvey's research in relation to our time is quite relevant. This topic is discussed by doctors, anatomy, physiologists, scientists for a long time. William Harvey witnessed the scientific revolution of the XVI – XVII centuries and made his direct contribution to medicine. In addition, Harvey's research has a significant impact on the medicine of our time. The purpose of my work is to discuss the research of William Harvey.

April 1, 1578 William Harvey was Born (William Harvey, 1578-1657), English physician, anatomist, physiologist and embryologist, who created the doctrine of the circulatory system. Harvey circulation physiology embryology

Harvey described the great and small circles of blood circulation, proved that the heart is the active beginning and center of blood circulation, and that the mass of blood contained in the body must return back to the heart. Harvey found out the question of the direction of the blood and the purpose of the valves of the heart, explained the true meaning of systole and diastole, showed that the circulation of blood provides tissue nutrition, etc.

1. Biography Of William Harvey

[pic 1]

Education.

William Harvey was born on 1 April 1578 in Folkestone (Kent). In 1588 he entered the Royal school in Canterbury, where he studied Latin. In may 1593 he was admitted to Keyes College, Cambridge University, in the same year he received a scholarship in medicine, established in 1572 by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Harvey spent his first three years studying "disciplines useful to the physician" - classical languages (Latin and Greek), rhetoric, philosophy, and, to a small extent, mathematics.

He was particularly interested in philosophy; it is evident from all Harvey's subsequent writings that Aristotle's natural philosophy had a great influence on his development as a scientist. For the next three years, Harvey studied disciplines directly related to medicine. At that time, however, at Cambridge, this study was largely confined to reading and discussing the works of Hippocrates, Galen, and others. There were occasional anatomical demonstrations; the science teacher was required to do so every winter, and keys College had permission to perform two autopsies a year on the bodies of executed criminals.

In 1597 Harvey received the title of bachelor, and in October 1599 finally left Cambridge.

Apparently, as a student, Harvey visited France, Germany and Italy, and may have then decided to work at the University of Padua. The exact date of his first visit to Padua is unknown, but in 1600 he already held the elective office of "headman" - the representative of English students at the University.

The medical school in Padua was at that time at the height of its glory. Anatomical research thrived thanks to J. J.Fabrizia of Aquapendente, who held first the chair of surgery and then the chair of anatomy and embryology. Fabricius was a disciple and follower of G. Fallopius.

When Harvey arrived in Padua, Fabricius was an elderly man, most of his works were already written, although not all of them were published. His most significant work, on venous valves(De venarum osteolis), it was published in the first year of Harvey's stay in Padua, but Fabricius demonstrated the valves to students as early as 1578. And although the scientist himself showed that the entrances to them are always open in the direction of the heart, he did not see in this fact a connection with the blood circulation. This work had an undeniable influence on Harvey, as did his books on the ripe fetus fetus (De formato foetu, 1604) and the development Of eggs and chicken (De formatione ovi et pulli, 1619).

The work and practice of William Harvey.

On April 25, 1602, Harvey completed his education, received the degree of doctor of medicine, and returned to London. His degree was recognized by the University of Cambridge, but this did not mean that he could practice medicine. The license was issued by the College of physicians, where Harvey turned in 1603 with a request for admission. He held his examinations in the spring of that year, and "as he answered all the questions satisfactorily," he was admitted to practice until the next examination, which was to take place a year later. Three times Harvey appeared before the examiners and October 5, 1604 was admitted to the College.

[pic 2]

In 1607 he became a full member of the College of physicians, and two years later applied for admission as a physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital. The work in this hospital was considered very prestigious for a practitioner, so Harvey supported his request with letters from the President of the College and other members, and even the king himself. The hospital management agreed to accept him as soon as the position became available. This happened in August 1609, and on October 14 Harvey was officially enrolled in the state. His duties included visiting the hospital at least twice a week, examining patients and prescribing medication. Sometimes the sick were sent to his house. For twenty years Harvey had been a careful doctor in the hospital, despite the fact that his private practice in London was expanding. In addition, he worked for the College of physicians and conducted his own experimental research.