The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Word as used in the text

Analysis,notes

Corresponding NE word

Translation

2 речення þā þæs on sumera fōron micel dǣl þāra burʒwara ond eāc ōþres folces þæt hīe ʒedydon æt þāra Deniscan ʒeweorce, ond þǣr wurdon ʒeflīemde, and sume fēower cyninges þeʒnas ofsleʒene.

In that summer, (a) great part of the citizens with/and other people, went and arrived at/reached at the Danish fortress ; and there were put to flight, and some four king's thanes were killed/slain.

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

þæs

pron.

the that

that

on

prep.; adv.

on, upon, in, at

in

sumera (sumor)

Noun  strong a-stem; gen.plur. sumor

summer

summer

fōron (faran)

Verb strong class 6

to go ; travel

went

micel(micel)

Strong adjective

big ; large; great

great

dǣl

Noun  strong i-stem

part

part

þāra

pronoun

those

(of) those

burʒwara(ME-burhware)

coll.

citizens of a town/country

citizens

ond

and

eāc

with

with

ōþres

other

other(s)

folces(folc)

Noun  strong-a-stem

a people ; nation ; tribe 2. crowd 3. (in the singular or plural) people (multiple individuals) 4. military ; army; troop 5. (in compounds) popular 6. (in compounds) public ; common ; general 7. (in compounds) country ; rural

people

þæt

pronoun

the that

that

hīe

pronoun

her, them

they

ʒedydon (ʒedon)

irr.verb

to do, perform, reach

reached

æt

TO, AT

at

þāra

those

the

Deniscan

Strong adjective

1. Danish ; Norse

Danish

ʒeweorce

n.n.a.

work; fortress, fort

fortress

ond

and

and

þǣr (þār)

adv

there, where

there

wurdon(weorðan)

Verb Strong

to come to be to be made to arise come be (2) to come to pass to be done to happen to take place befall come be

were

ʒeflīemde ( ʒeflīeman/ʒeflyman)

 wv/n

to put to flight/flight

put to flight

and

conj

and, against/along/with

and

sume (sum)

ind. pron.

one of many/a certain…./some

some

fēower(feówer)

 num

Four

four

cyninges

Noun  strong a-stem; gen.sing.

king

king’s

þeʒnas (þeʒn)

 n., masc., a-stem

thane((in Anglo-Saxon England) a man who held land granted by the king or by a military nobleman, ranking between an ordinary freeman and a hereditary noble.), retainer, follower, servant, man, warrior

thanes

ofsleʒene(ofslean)

(slain)

sv. 6

to kill/slain

(were) killed/slain.

3 речення þā þæs on hærfeste þā wicode sē cyng on nēāweste þǣre byriʒ, þā hwīle þe hie hire corn ʒerȳpan, þært þā Deniscan him ne mehton þæs rīpes forwiernan.

Then during harvest(autumn), the king dwelled near to the town, while they(people) reaped the corn, where the Danish cannot prevent harvest reaping.

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

When

þæs

pron.

the that

that

on

prep.; adv.

on, upon, in, at

at/during

hærfeste (hærfest)

Noun  strong a-stem; dat. sing.

harvest; autumn

harvest

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

wicode(wicode, gewicod - (from wician 'to dwell')

wv.

to dwell

dwelled

sē

demon.pron.

that

the

cyng(cyning)(cynn)

Noun  /m.

king

king

on

prep.; adv.

on, upon, in, at

nēāweste

Strong Feminine Noun

neighborhood ,nearness

near

þǣre

pron. fem.

the that

the

byriʒ(s.burh)

n.f.

city

town

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

hwīle(hwīl)

noun

while,space of time,period of time

while

þe

relative particle,often enclitically joined to pronouns or adverbs

the

hie

pron.

they

they (as people)

hire(hi/heo/hie)

s./pron

their

their

corn

n.a

corn(зерно)

corn

ʒerȳpan(ʒeripan)

sv

to reap(збирати врожай)

reaped

þært(þær/þār)

adv

there/where

where

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

the

Deniscan

Strong adjective

1. Danish ; Norse

Danish

him

pron.

them

ne

part

not

not

mehton

Verb preterite-present

can ; to be able

can

þæs

demon.pronoun

the that

the

rīpes

Strong Neuter Noun

1. reaping harvest 2. what is reaped or gathered in cut corn sheaf 2. ripeness maturity

reaping harvest

forwiernan

Verb Weak wv/

to prevent

prevent

4 речення- þā sume dæʒe rād sē cyng ūp be þǣre sǣ, and ʒehawade hwaer mon mehte þā ēa forwyrcan þæt hiē ne mehton þā scipu ūtbrengan.

Then a certain day the king rode up by the sea, and observed where the river can be obstructed, that they aren’t able to bring out their ship.

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

Then

sume

indef.pron

one of many, a certain, same

a certain

dæʒe

n.m.a

a day

day

rād (ridan)

Noun strong ō-stem

1. journey ; ride 2. raid ; expedition

ride

sē

demon.pron.

that

the

cyng

Noun  strong a-stem

Alternative form of cyning

king

ūp

adv.

up

up

be

prp.

by , near, to,for,because of, about,concerning

by

þǣre

pron. fem.

the that

the

sǣ

n.m\f.i

the sea

sea

and

prp+dat.

against , on , into

and

ʒehawade(ʒehawian)

cт33

wv. past tense

to look at, observe

observed

hwaer

adv

where, Anywhere

where

mon

pron.indef.

man

mehte (magan)

Verb preterite-present

can ; to be able

can

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

the

ēa

n.f.cons

water, river

river

forwyrcan

Verb weak class 1

1. to work wrongfully ; do wrong ; sin 2. to destroy through wrongful working; work up or away 3. to forfeit ; lose by evildoing 4. to be guilty

be obstructed

þæt

pron

that

so

hiē

pron.

they

they

ne

parl.

not

not

mehton

prs.

may, to be able

be able to

þā

pron.

the that, those; when

their

scipu

n.n.a

ship

ship

ūtbrengan

v.irr

to bring out

to bring out