Репродуктивная генетика и пренатальная диагностика

A type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder. Many genetic tests do not predict a disease with certainty but allow people to learn about whether they have an increased chance of a particular disease or condition arising later in life. Different people will decide differently about whether they would want that information. Genetic Testing Benefits and Risks

in genetic testing, the person who passes it should understand why he is doing it, and a fully informed person must make a decision himself. And then there is another problem. The fact is that quite often, especially in our country, patients are used to coming to the doctor for a prescription, how to do it, but the geneticist does not give a prescription, but he should tell everything about the disease to be tested, about the benefits and the risks of a genetic test, and already the patient or family should decide how to do it.
при генетическом тестировании человек, который его проходит, должен понимать, зачем он это делает, и полностью проинформированный человек сам должен принимать решение. И тут возникает еще одна проблема. Дело в том, что нередко, особенно в нашей стране, пациенты привыкли, что они приходит к врачу за рецептом, как ему поступить, но врач-генетик не дает рецепта, а он должен рассказать все о заболевании, на которое проводится тестирование, о пользе и рисках генетического теста, а уже пациент или семья должны принять решение, как им поступать.

Social issues: pass or fail the test, have a child, if you have a high risk of having a sick child, or refuse to give birth; if it is a question of prenatal testing, to pass or not pass prenatal testing; if the fetus has a disease, then what to do with this pregnancy - to report to the end or to interrupt such pregnancy. That is, questions concerning the life and death of the fetus are very serious issues.

Социальные вопросы: пройти или не пройти тест, иметь ребенка, если у тебя высокий риск рождения больного ребенка, или отказаться от деторождения; если речь идет о пренатальном тестировании, пройти или не пройти пренатальное тестирование; если у плода выявлено заболевание, то что делать с этой беременностью — доносить до конца или прервать такую беременность. То есть вопросы, касающиеся жизни и смерти плода, очень серьезные вопросы.

- the number of people undergoing screening surveys will be extremely large;
- there will be an increase in the number of third parties interested in the results of DNA testing, except for family members, family doctors and health authorities (for example, insurance agencies and employers), which makes confidentiality and genetic discrimination more likely;
- in view of the fact that DNA samples will often need to be obtained from many family members in several generations, the awareness of the population about the significance of DNA tests will increase, and the secret of testing will become almost impossible to preserve;
- the possibility of an ever earlier implementation of prenatal diagnosis makes, accordingly, the information on the fetal field available in all earlier pregnancy periods, which in turn makes possible the elimination of the fetus of the unwanted sex, regardless of its genetic health.— число лиц, подвергаемых скринирующим обследованиям, будет чрезвычайно большим;