Музе́й холо́дной войны́

Plan:

1.Description

2. History

3. Exposure

4. Mine and bunker

Description.

Museum of the Cold War (exhibition complex Bünker-42) is a military history museum and entertainment complex in Moscow in the 5th Kotelnichesky Lane near the Taganskaya metro station. Founded in 2006. Located in an underground bunker with an area of ​​more than 7,000 m² at a depth of 65 meters on the territory of the former secret military facility of the USSR - the Reserve command post of long-range aviation. The Bunker-42 object (ChZ-293, GO-42) is a fortification structure of the submerged Type, located in the heart of Moscow.

Story.

The design of an underground bunker in the center of Moscow began in 1945 in connection with the development of the atomic bomb in the United States. On the personal assignment of Joseph Stalin, Soviet scientists began to develop their own nuclear weapons and means of protection against them.

In the fall of 1947, scientists from the Metrogiprotrans Institute prepared a technical design of the bunker. He received the code name "Object 02" (FZ-293) and was supposed to be near the Kremlin (in the Tagansky Hill area) so that in the event of a nuclear war with the United States, Stalin and the Soviet government could quickly get to the shelter and continue to rule the state and the army . When designing, the drawing indexes “ЧЗ-572” and “ЧЗ-293” were used, while in the column “construction” they wrote “A lowering substation of the 1st section”.

After the first tests of the atomic bomb in the USSR, which took place in 1949, there were clear requirements for anti-nuclear bunkers: the depth was from 60 meters, durable cast-iron tunnels, the service life was 400 years. Construction of the facility in Moscow began in 1950. The underground complex was built using the same technology that was used in the construction of the Moscow Metro. Its tunnels were connected by two trails with Taganskaya station on the Koltsevaya line. The first walker, created to supply the object, led to the tunnel between Kursk and Taganskaya, the second went directly to the technical premises of the metro.

In 1952, the construction of the main structures of the bunker was completed, in the summer of 1953 - the installation of life support systems. In the spring of 1954, communications workers, responsible for laying communications and installing equipment, began work on the site.

In 1956, the object was adopted by the state commission and transferred to the USSR Ministry of Defense. Its area was more than 7000 m². After Stalin’s death, it was decided to remake it under the control center of the Long-Range Aviation Headquarters. In the bunker, military and civilian specialists worked in shifts that supported the work of communications equipment and life support systems. In the event of an alert during exercises, four shifts descended on the object, capable of carrying out combat duty and ensuring the work of long-range aviation headquarters.

The creation of the bunker was carried out by the best specialists of the Metrostroy management at the present Stalinist pace. The soil was lifted through four construction mines, which were previously used in the construction of the metro.

In the 1960s, the bunker was fully equipped in case of a possible nuclear strike: it contained stocks of food and fuel, and two artesian wells with drinking water were equipped. Air purification systems could provide combat duty for personnel for a long time. In 1962, at the height of the Caribbean crisis, the facility operated autonomously in anticipation of a nuclear strike on Moscow: at that time, up to 2,500 people were on duty on its territory.

At the turn of the 1970s-1980s, a decision was made to reconstruct the bunker for technical reasons: damage to the waterproofing and subsequent flooding of the object with water, non-automatic drives of the pressure tank, wear of diesel generators and ventilation systems. By the mid-1980s, the premises were freed from equipment: they were going to retool it for the needs of the telegraph. After the end of the Cold War and the normalization of relations between Russia and the West, the military destination of the object lost its relevance, and in 2000 it was completely declassified.

Exposure.

The main element of the museum exposition is the underground bunker itself, in which the historically established architecture of its corridors and halls is preserved. On the territory of the museum there are engineering facilities, a cinema hall, a copy of the central command post, an exhibition hall, a dining room, an entertainment area.

Soviet radio stations of the mid-20th century, chemical protection suits, gas masks, Geiger counter, Soviet propaganda posters are displayed in the exposition hall. Each visitor receives a stylized bright red pass of the Soviet Ministry of Defense with his name and photo of an unknown person in a gas mask. Also in the museum are documentaries on the history of the USSR during the Cold War.

Tours

• Object CHZ-293

• Legends of history

• ЗКП-42

• Special object on Taganka

• Bunker-42

• Museum lesson

• Soviet Russia

•        Caribbean crisis

• Vulture shot

• KMB

• Zarnitsa in the bunker.

Mine and bunker.

The head is connected to the object by a vertical shaft with a diameter of 6 meters and a depth of more than 60 meters, equipped with an elevator, stairs and communications. The two-march staircase, 310 steps in length, is divided into 18 floors down from the surface. The average step height is 20 centimeters, width - 25 centimeters. The size of the staircase is 8 m² (2 by 4 meters), which is smaller than in the standard “Khrushchev”, while the height of the ceilings exceeds 3 meters.

The bunker consists of four blocks-tunnels with a diameter of 9.5 m each and a total area of ​​more than 7000 m². They are approximately at the same level, are parallel to each other and interconnected by transitions.

План:

1.Описание

2.История

3.Экспозиция

4.Шахта и бункер

Описание .

Музе́й холо́дной войны́ (экспозицио́нный ко́мплекс Бу́нкер-42) — военно-исторический музей и развлекательный комплекс в Москве в 5-м Котельническом переулке рядом со станцией метро «Таганская». Основан в 2006 году. Расположен в подземном бункере площадью более 7000 м² на глубине 65 метров на территории бывшего засекреченного военного объекта СССР — Запасного командного пункта дальней авиации .Объект "Бункер-42" ("ЧЗ-293", "ГО-42") - это фортификационное сооружение заглублённого типа, расположенное в самом центре Москвы.