Контрольная работа по "Иностранному языку"

Підсумковий тест до лекції 5.

Give the answers to the following questions.

1. What is translation model?
   A model is a conventional representation of the translating process describing mental operations by which the ST or some part of  it may be translated, irrespective of whether  these operations are actually  performed by the translator. It may describe the translating process either in a general form or by listing a number of specific operations through which the process can, in part, be realized.

1. What mental processes does the translating process include?

The translation process includes two mental process-understanding and  verbalization.

1. What can translation models be oriented toward?
   Translation models can be oriented   either toward the situation reflected in the ST contents or toward the meaningful components  of the ST contents.

1. What are existing models of translation based on?
   The existing models of translation are based on discussing the problem of equivalence.

1. Define the existing models of translation.
   The denotative model, the transformational model, the semantic model.

1. What levels of equivalence does V. Komissarov establish?

V.Komissarov distinguishes  5 levels  of equivalence:

1.The purport of communication.

2.The identification of situation in translation process.

3.The retention of the following parts of the original contents in translation.

4.The retention in translation of the meaningful components of the original.

5.The level of word semantics.

1. What is the situational model based on?
   The situational model based on the identity of the situations described in the original text and in translation.

1. Characterize the transformational model.

The transformational model postulates that in any two languages there is a number of nuclear structures which are fully  equivalent to  each other.

1. What does the semantic model postulate?

The semantic model postulates the existence  of the “deep” semantic categories  common to SL and TL.

1. What is the equivalence between ST and TT based on?

The equivalence between ST and TT based on the reproduction of different parts of the ST contents.