Тест по "Иностранному языку"

Автор: JN Queen • Январь 31, 2022 • Тест • 7,399 Слов (30 Страниц) • 435 Просмотры

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Тест

Academic writing and scientific research

Специальность – Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка

Переводческое дело

Question

Answer

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false: Essay deadlines are often several months after the course starts.

a)true

b) false

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

The best way to plan an assignment is to use some kind of wall chart.

a)true

b) false

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

Reading and note-making often take longer than writing.

a)true

b) false

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

The best time to study is after midnight.

a)true

b) false

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false

It’s a good idea to make time every day to relax with friends

a)true

b) false

The main difference between academic writing and normal

writing is that academic writing:

(a) uses longer words

(b) tries to be precise and unbiased

The difference between a project and an essay is:

(a) essays are longer

(b) projects are longer

Teachers complain most about students:

(a) not answering the question given

(b) not writing enough

The best time to write an introduction is often:

(a) first

(b) last

10.

Plagiarism is:

(a) a dangerous disease

(b) an academic offence

c. an academic website

Making careful notes is essential for:

(a) writing essays

(b) revising for exams

c. all academic work

An in-text citation looks like:

(a) (Manton, 2008)

(b) (Richard Manton, 2008)

Paraphrasing a text means:

(a) making it shorter

(b) changing a lot of the vocabulary

Paragraphs always contain:

(a) six or more sentences

(b) an example

The purpose of an introduction is:

(a) to give your aims and methods

(b) to excite the reader

Proof-reading means:

(a) getting a friend to check your work

(b) checking for minor errors

Teachers expect students to adopt a critical approach to their

sources:

(a) sometimes

(b) only for Master’s work

C always

Dissertations and journal articles may have:

a. Abstract, List of contents, List of tables, Introduction, Main body, Literature review

b. abstract, Case study, Findings, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, References, Appendices

c. Abstract, List of contents, Introduction, Main body, Literature review, Conclusion, References, Appendices

Find the appropriate definition to Literature review:

(a) A short summary of 100–200 words, which explains the

paper’s purpose and main findings.

(b) A list of all the sources the writer has mentioned in the text.

(d) A short section where people who have helped the writer are

thanked.

(e) Part of the main body in which the writer discusses relevant

research.

(f) A section where one particular example is described in detail.

Read the text below and identify the phrase

(a) A fishy story

(b) Misleading health claims regarding omega-3 fatty acids

(d) There has been considerable discussion recently about the

benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet.

(e) It is claimed that

these reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and may even

combat obesity. Consequently food producers have added

omega-3s to products ranging from margarine to soft drinks in

an attempt to make their products appear healthier and hence

increase sales.

(f) However, consumers may be unaware that there are two types

of omega-3s. The best (long-chain fatty acids) are derived from

fish, but others (short-chain fatty acids) come from cheaper

sources such as soya. This latter group have not been shown

to produce the health benefits linked to the long-chain variety.

According to Tamura et al. (2009) positive results may only be

obtained either by eating oily fish three times a week, or by

taking daily supplements containing 500mg of

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Are these really critical developments?

The growth of the world wide web

In the history of civilisation there have been many significant

developments, such as the invention of the wheel, money and

the telephone, but the development of the internet is perhaps

the most crucial of all. In the space of a few years the world

wide web has linked buyers in New York to sellers in Mumbai

and teachers in Berlin to students in Cairo, so that few people

can imagine life without it.

It is estimated that over 70 per cent of North Americans, for

instance, have internet access, and this figure is steadily

increasing. Physical shops are under threat, as growing

numbers shop online. In areas such as travel it is now

impossible to buy tickets on certain airlines except on the

internet. The web also links together millions of individual

traders who sell to buyers through websites such as Ebay.

Beyond the commercial sphere, the internet is also critically

important in the academic world. A huge range of journals

and reports are now available electronically, meaning that

researchers can access a vast amount of information through

their computer screens, speeding up their work and allowing

them to produce better quality research. In addition, email

permits academics to make effortless contact with fellowresearchers

all over the world, which also assists them to

improve their output.

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Are these really critical developments?

a)true

b) false

2 ‘. . . the development of the internet is perhaps the most

crucial of all.’

Is this true?

a)true

b) false

‘. . . so that few people can imagine life without it.’

Is this claim credible?

a)true

b) false

‘It is estimated that over 70 per cent of North Americans, for

instance, have internet access . . .’

No source given. Does this figure seem likely?

a)true

b) false

‘Physical shops are under threat, as growing numbers shop

online.’

Is the first part true, and if so, is it caused by online shopping?

a)true

b) false

‘ . . . speeding up their work and allowing them to produce

better quality research.’

If the first part is true, does the result logically follow?

a)true

b) false

‘We are reaching a situation in which all kinds of information

are freely available to everyone, which must lead to a happier,

healthier and richer society.’

Does the first part need any qualification?

a)yes

b) no

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Is the conclusion justified?

a)true

b) false

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Is the writer objective or biased?

a)objective

b) biased

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Do the most of people agree with this argument overall?

a)agree

b) disagree

1. English for academic purposes refers

a. A. Phonetics

b. B. Vocabulary

c. C. Reading

d. D. Specific communicative needs

1. Television has been introduced to almost every country in the world, reaching a large number of viewers on every continent. About 600 million people saw the first person walk on the moon, and a billion people watched the twentieth Olympic Games. Television has in many ways promoted understanding and cooperation among people. It does this by showing educational and cultural programs.

2. From this passage, a reader can most reasonably conclude that the author believes that

a. people spend too much time watching television

b. not every country needs to have television

c. television can unify people from around the world

d. television is as important as schools

People have different ways of learning. Some are better at making mental pictures of new ideas. Others are more comfortable with writing lists of things to memorize. Certain people can learn best when listening to music, while others need silence to concentrate. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

a. Mental pictures help many to learn.

b. Some people prefer lists to making mental pictures.

c. To learn well you need to be comfortable.

d. Different individuals have different ways of acquiring information.

If you hold a piece of copper wire over the flame of a wooden match, heat will be conducted by the copper wire to your fingers, and you will be forced to drop the wire. You will, however, still be able to hold the match because wood is a poor conductor of heat. Which of the following is implied in the passage above?

a. Copper is a good conductor of heat.

b. Wood and copper conduct heat equally.

c. Wood is an excellent conductor of heat.

d. Matches should be made of copper.

Many people own different pets. Dogs, cats, birds, and fish are common household pets. Others pets are considered to be exotic animals. These include snakes, lizards, and hedgehogs. According to the passage, snakes are

a. uncommon pets

b. likely to be found in a household with dogs

c. found only in zoos

d. not allowed in people’s homes

Cesar Chavez was an influential leader for farmworkers. He fought for their rights and better working conditions. Chavez led many strikes that angered farm owners. Eventually he succeeded in getting increased wages and better living situations for farmworkers. The passage indicates that Chavez changed lives by

a. helping to end the farmworkers’ strikes

b. fighting for the rights of farm owners

c. working on the farms every day

d. improving the conditions for farmworkers

When cartoonist Charles M. Schulz was a boy in elementary school, other boys teased him for being small and not very good at sports, and his art teacher told him he had no talent for drawing. He had few friends and was too shy to talk to a red-haired girl he admired. Later in life, Schulz used his childhood experiences in his comic strip Peanuts: the strip’s main character, the sad and lonely Charlie Brown, represents Schulz as a little boy. Peanuts was unique at the time because it contained no adult characters. Readers fell in love with Charlie Brown, and Peanuts eventually became one of the most popular comic strips of all time. What is the main idea of the passage?

a. Peanuts was the world’s most widely read comic strip.

b. Schulz was a very famous cartoonist.

c. Schulz turned the pain of his youth into success as an adult.

d. The comic strip Peanuts featured children as its only characters

Money has been used for thousands of years in nearly every culture as a means of exchange. However, today, the use of cash is becoming less and less common in modern societies all over the world. Every year, a higher percentage of purchases are made online, and even in stores customers are now using credit cards more often than cash. Many people today do all of their banking on the Internet rather than going to the bank in person. The author of the passage probably assumes that

a. cash will become virtually obsolete in the near future

b. using cash will become popular again

c. paying with credit cards all the time is dangerous

d. societies that do business online will struggle

Before giving first aid to an accident victim, you should obtain his or her consent. Asking for consent takes a simple question. Say to the victim, “I know first aid, and I can help until an ambulance arrives. Is that okay?” According to the passage, it is wrong to

a. use first aid on an accident victim without medical training

b. attempt to help an accident victim without permission

c. help a victim before an ambulance arrives

d. call for an ambulance instead of helping the victim

Dr. Ellen Ochoa is an inventor and is also the first female Hispanic astronaut. Her inventions include technology to help robots inspect equipment in space to maintain safety and quality control on spacecraft. Before retiring, she logged more than 1,000 hours in space across several space missions. According to the passage, Dr. Ochoa is the first

a. Hispanic person to travel into space

b. inventor to travel into space

c. woman to travel into space

d. Hispanic woman to travel into space

Dogs and cats make very different types of pets. Before deciding whether to buy or adopt a dog or a cat, prospective owners need to carefully consider their own lifestyles and personalities. Dogs may make more affectionate companions, but they require more care and attention. They must be taken out several times a day and should not be left alone for more than a few hours. Larger dogs require significant exercise to remain fit and healthy. Cats are usually more independent in nature and interact less with their owners. Also, a cat can be left on its own all day, or even for several days, as long as it has food and clean water to drink. From this passage, a reader can conclude that

a. owning a cat requires less work than owning a dog

b. people who are away from home during the day should not own a cat

c. people who like to play with their pets should own a cat

d. owning a cat is more responsibility than owning a dog

The main difference between academic writing and normal

writing is that academic writing:

(a) uses longer words

(b) tries to be precise and unbiased

The difference between a project and an essay is:

(a) essays are longer

(b) projects are longer

Teachers complain most about students:

(a) not answering the question given

(b) not writing enough

The best time to write an introduction is often:

(a) first

(b) last

Plagiarism is:

(a) a dangerous disease

(b) an academic offence

Making careful notes is essential for:

(a) writing essays

(b) revising for exams

An in-text citation looks like:

(a) (Manton, 2008)

(b) (Richard Manton, 2008)

Paraphrasing a text means:

(a) making it shorter

(b) changing a lot of the vocabulary

Paragraphs always contain:

(a) six or more sentences

(b) an example

The purpose of an introduction is:

(a) to give your aims and methods

(b) to excite the reader

Proof-reading means:

(a) getting a friend to check your work

(b) checking for minor errors

Teachers expect students to adopt a critical approach to their

sources:

(a) sometimes

(b) only for Master’s work

2. English for academic purposes refers

e. A. Phonetics

f. B. Vocabulary

g. C. Reading

h. D. Specific communicative needs

53.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false: Essay deadlines are often several months after the course starts.

a)true

b) false

54.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

The best way to plan an assignment is to use some kind of wall chart.

a)true

b) false

55.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

Reading and note-making often take longer than writing.

a)true

b) false

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

The best time to study is after midnight.

a)true

b) false

57.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false

It’s a good idea to make time every day to relax with friends

a)true

b) false

The main difference between academic writing and normal

writing is that academic writing:

(a) uses longer words

(b) tries to be precise and unbiased

The difference between a project and an essay is:

(a) essays are longer

(b) projects are longer

60.

Teachers complain most about students:

(a) not answering the question given

(b) not writing enough

61.

The best time to write an introduction is often:

(a) first

(b) last

62.

Plagiarism is:

(a) a dangerous disease

(b) an academic offence

c. an academic website

Making careful notes is essential for:

(a) writing essays

(b) revising for exams

c. all academic work

An in-text citation looks like:

(a) (Manton, 2008)

(b) (Richard Manton, 2008)

Paraphrasing a text means:

(a) making it shorter

(b) changing a lot of the vocabulary

Paragraphs always contain:

(a) six or more sentences

(b) an example

The purpose of an introduction is:

(a) to give your aims and methods

(b) to excite the reader

Proof-reading means:

(a) getting a friend to check your work

(b) checking for minor errors

Teachers expect students to adopt a critical approach to their

sources:

(a) sometimes

(b) only for Master’s work

C always

Dissertations and journal articles may have:

a. Abstract, List of contents, List of tables, Introduction, Main body, Literature review

b. abstract, Case study, Findings, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, References, Appendices

c. Abstract, List of contents, Introduction, Main body, Literature review, Conclusion, References, Appendices

Find the appropriate definition to Literature review:

(a) A short summary of 100–200 words, which explains the

paper’s purpose and main findings.

(b) A list of all the sources the writer has mentioned in the text.

(d) A short section where people who have helped the writer are

thanked.

(e) Part of the main body in which the writer discusses relevant

research.

(f) A section where one particular example is described in detail.

Read the text below and identify the phrase

(a) A fishy story

(b) Misleading health claims regarding omega-3 fatty acids

(d) There has been considerable discussion recently about the

benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet.

(e) It is claimed that

these reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and may even

combat obesity. Consequently food producers have added

omega-3s to products ranging from margarine to soft drinks in

an attempt to make their products appear healthier and hence

increase sales.

(f) However, consumers may be unaware that there are two types

of omega-3s. The best (long-chain fatty acids) are derived from

fish, but others (short-chain fatty acids) come from cheaper

sources such as soya. This latter group have not been shown

to produce the health benefits linked to the long-chain variety.

According to Tamura et al. (2009) positive results may only be

obtained either by eating oily fish three times a week, or by

taking daily supplements containing 500mg of

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Are these really critical developments?

The growth of the world wide web

In the history of civilisation there have been many significant

developments, such as the invention of the wheel, money and

the telephone, but the development of the internet is perhaps

the most crucial of all. In the space of a few years the world

wide web has linked buyers in New York to sellers in Mumbai

and teachers in Berlin to students in Cairo, so that few people

can imagine life without it.

It is estimated that over 70 per cent of North Americans, for

instance, have internet access, and this figure is steadily

increasing. Physical shops are under threat, as growing

numbers shop online. In areas such as travel it is now

impossible to buy tickets on certain airlines except on the

internet. The web also links together millions of individual

traders who sell to buyers through websites such as Ebay.

Beyond the commercial sphere, the internet is also critically

important in the academic world. A huge range of journals

and reports are now available electronically, meaning that

researchers can access a vast amount of information through

their computer screens, speeding up their work and allowing

them to produce better quality research. In addition, email

permits academics to make effortless contact with fellowresearchers

all over the world, which also assists them to

improve their output.

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Are these really critical developments?

a)true

b) false

2 ‘. . . the development of the internet is perhaps the most

crucial of all.’

Is this true?

a)true

b) false

‘. . . so that few people can imagine life without it.’

Is this claim credible?

a)true

b) false

‘It is estimated that over 70 per cent of North Americans, for

instance, have internet access . . .’

No source given. Does this figure seem likely?

a)true

b) false

‘Physical shops are under threat, as growing numbers shop

online.’

Is the first part true, and if so, is it caused by online shopping?

a)true

b) false

‘ . . . speeding up their work and allowing them to produce

better quality research.’

If the first part is true, does the result logically follow?

a)true

b) false

‘We are reaching a situation in which all kinds of information

are freely available to everyone, which must lead to a happier,

healthier and richer society.’

Does the first part need any qualification?

a)yes

b) no

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Is the conclusion justified?

a)true

b) false

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Is the writer objective or biased?

a)objective

b) biased

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Do the most of people agree with this argument overall?

a)agree

b) disagree

3. English for academic purposes refers

i. A. Phonetics

j. B. Vocabulary

k. C. Reading

l. D. Specific communicative needs

3. Television has been introduced to almost every country in the world, reaching a large number of viewers on every continent. About 600 million people saw the first person walk on the moon, and a billion people watched the twentieth Olympic Games. Television has in many ways promoted understanding and cooperation among people. It does this by showing educational and cultural programs.

4. From this passage, a reader can most reasonably conclude that the author believes that

a. people spend too much time watching television

b. not every country needs to have television

c. television can unify people from around the world

d. television is as important as schools

a. Mental pictures help many to learn.

b. Some people prefer lists to making mental pictures.

c. To learn well you need to be comfortable.

d. Different individuals have different ways of acquiring information.

a. Copper is a good conductor of heat.

b. Wood and copper conduct heat equally.

c. Wood is an excellent conductor of heat.

d. Matches should be made of copper.

a. uncommon pets

b. likely to be found in a household with dogs

c. found only in zoos

d. not allowed in people’s homes

a. helping to end the farmworkers’ strikes

b. fighting for the rights of farm owners

c. working on the farms every day

d. improving the conditions for farmworkers

a. Peanuts was the world’s most widely read comic strip.

b. Schulz was a very famous cartoonist.

c. Schulz turned the pain of his youth into success as an adult.

d. The comic strip Peanuts featured children as its only characters

a. cash will become virtually obsolete in the near future

b. using cash will become popular again

c. paying with credit cards all the time is dangerous

d. societies that do business online will struggle

a. use first aid on an accident victim without medical training

b. attempt to help an accident victim without permission

c. help a victim before an ambulance arrives

d. call for an ambulance instead of helping the victim

a. Hispanic person to travel into space

b. inventor to travel into space

c. woman to travel into space

d. Hispanic woman to travel into space

a. owning a cat requires less work than owning a dog

b. people who are away from home during the day should not own a cat

c. people who like to play with their pets should own a cat

d. owning a cat is more responsibility than owning a dog

The main difference between academic writing and normal

writing is that academic writing:

(a) uses longer words

(b) tries to be precise and unbiased

The difference between a project and an essay is:

(a) essays are longer

(b) projects are longer

Teachers complain most about students:

(a) not answering the question given

(b) not writing enough

The best time to write an introduction is often:

(a) first

(b) last

Plagiarism is:

(a) a dangerous disease

(b) an academic offence

Making careful notes is essential for:

(a) writing essays

(b) revising for exams

100

An in-text citation looks like:

(a) (Manton, 2008)

(b) (Richard Manton, 2008)

101

Paraphrasing a text means:

(a) making it shorter

(b) changing a lot of the vocabulary

102

Paragraphs always contain:

(a) six or more sentences

(b) an example

103

The purpose of an introduction is:

(a) to give your aims and methods

(b) to excite the reader

104

Proof-reading means:

(a) getting a friend to check your work

(b) checking for minor errors

105

Teachers expect students to adopt a critical approach to their

sources:

(a) sometimes

(b) only for Master’s work

106

4. English for academic purposes refers

m. A. Phonetics

n. B. Vocabulary

o. C. Reading

p. D. Specific communicative needs

107.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false: Essay deadlines are often several months after the course starts.

a)true

b) false

108.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

The best way to plan an assignment is to use some kind of wall chart.

a)true

b) false

109.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

Reading and note-making often take longer than writing.

a)true

b) false

110.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false:

The best time to study is after midnight.

a)true

b) false

111.

Decide if the following ideas about time management are true or false

It’s a good idea to make time every day to relax with friends

a)true

b) false

112.

The main difference between academic writing and normal

writing is that academic writing:

(a) uses longer words

(b) tries to be precise and unbiased

113.

The difference between a project and an essay is:

(a) essays are longer

(b) projects are longer

114.

Teachers complain most about students:

(a) not answering the question given

(b) not writing enough

115.

The best time to write an introduction is often:

(a) first

(b) last

116.

Plagiarism is:

(a) a dangerous disease

(b) an academic offence

c. an academic website

117

Making careful notes is essential for:

(a) writing essays

(b) revising for exams

c. all academic work

118

An in-text citation looks like:

(a) (Manton, 2008)

(b) (Richard Manton, 2008)

119

Paraphrasing a text means:

(a) making it shorter

(b) changing a lot of the vocabulary

120

Paragraphs always contain:

(a) six or more sentences

(b) an example

121

The purpose of an introduction is:

(a) to give your aims and methods

(b) to excite the reader

122

Proof-reading means:

(a) getting a friend to check your work

(b) checking for minor errors

123

Teachers expect students to adopt a critical approach to their

sources:

(a) sometimes

(b) only for Master’s work

C always

124

Dissertations and journal articles may have:

a. Abstract, List of contents, List of tables, Introduction, Main body, Literature review

b. abstract, Case study, Findings, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, References, Appendices

c. Abstract, List of contents, Introduction, Main body, Literature review, Conclusion, References, Appendices

125

Find the appropriate definition to Literature review:

(a) A short summary of 100–200 words, which explains the

paper’s purpose and main findings.

(b) A list of all the sources the writer has mentioned in the text.

(d) A short section where people who have helped the writer are

thanked.

(e) Part of the main body in which the writer discusses relevant

research.

(f) A section where one particular example is described in detail.

126

Read the text below and identify the phrase

(a) A fishy story

(b) Misleading health claims regarding omega-3 fatty acids

(d) There has been considerable discussion recently about the

benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet.

(e) It is claimed that

these reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and may even

combat obesity. Consequently food producers have added

omega-3s to products ranging from margarine to soft drinks in

an attempt to make their products appear healthier and hence

increase sales.

(f) However, consumers may be unaware that there are two types

of omega-3s. The best (long-chain fatty acids) are derived from

fish, but others (short-chain fatty acids) come from cheaper

sources such as soya. This latter group have not been shown

to produce the health benefits linked to the long-chain variety.

According to Tamura et al. (2009) positive results may only be

obtained either by eating oily fish three times a week, or by

taking daily supplements containing 500mg of

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

127

Are these really critical developments?

The growth of the world wide web

In the history of civilisation there have been many significant

developments, such as the invention of the wheel, money and

the telephone, but the development of the internet is perhaps

the most crucial of all. In the space of a few years the world

wide web has linked buyers in New York to sellers in Mumbai

and teachers in Berlin to students in Cairo, so that few people

can imagine life without it.

It is estimated that over 70 per cent of North Americans, for

instance, have internet access, and this figure is steadily

increasing. Physical shops are under threat, as growing

numbers shop online. In areas such as travel it is now

impossible to buy tickets on certain airlines except on the

internet. The web also links together millions of individual

traders who sell to buyers through websites such as Ebay.

Beyond the commercial sphere, the internet is also critically

important in the academic world. A huge range of journals

and reports are now available electronically, meaning that

researchers can access a vast amount of information through

their computer screens, speeding up their work and allowing

them to produce better quality research. In addition, email

permits academics to make effortless contact with fellowresearchers

all over the world, which also assists them to

improve their output.

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Are these really critical developments?

a)true

b) false

1228

2 ‘. . . the development of the internet is perhaps the most

crucial of all.’

Is this true?

a)true

b) false

129

‘. . . so that few people can imagine life without it.’

Is this claim credible?

a)true

b) false

130

‘It is estimated that over 70 per cent of North Americans, for

instance, have internet access . . .’

No source given. Does this figure seem likely?

a)true

b) false

131

‘Physical shops are under threat, as growing numbers shop

online.’

Is the first part true, and if so, is it caused by online shopping?

a)true

b) false

132

‘ . . . speeding up their work and allowing them to produce

better quality research.’

If the first part is true, does the result logically follow?

a)true

b) false

133

‘We are reaching a situation in which all kinds of information

are freely available to everyone, which must lead to a happier,

healthier and richer society.’

Does the first part need any qualification?

a)yes

b) no

134

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Is the conclusion justified?

a)true

b) false

135

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Is the writer objective or biased?

a)objective

b) biased

136

There is, of course, a darker side to this phenomenon, which is

the use criminals have made of their ability to trade illegal or

fraudulent products over the internet, with little control over

their activities. But such behaviour is hugely compensated for

by the benefits that have been obtained by both individuals

and businesses. We are reaching a situation in which all kinds

of information are freely available to everyone, which must

lead to a happier, healthier and richer society.

such as the invention of the wheel, money and the

telephone . . .’

Do the most of people agree with this argument overall?

a)agree

b) disagree

137

5. English for academic purposes refers

q. A. Phonetics

r. B. Vocabulary

s. C. Reading

t. D. Specific communicative needs

138

5. Television has been introduced to almost every country in the world, reaching a large number of viewers on every continent. About 600 million people saw the first person walk on the moon, and a billion people watched the twentieth Olympic Games. Television has in many ways promoted understanding and cooperation among people. It does this by showing educational and cultural programs.

6. From this passage, a reader can most reasonably conclude that the author believes that

a. people spend too much time watching television

b. not every country needs to have television

c. television can unify people from around the world

d. television is as important as schools

139

a. Mental pictures help many to learn.

b. Some people prefer lists to making mental pictures.

c. To learn well you need to be comfortable.

d. Different individuals have different ways of acquiring information.

140

a. Copper is a good conductor of heat.

b. Wood and copper conduct heat equally.

c. Wood is an excellent conductor of heat.

d. Matches should be made of copper.

141

a. uncommon pets

b. likely to be found in a household with dogs

c. found only in zoos

d. not allowed in people’s homes

142

a. helping to end the farmworkers’ strikes

b. fighting for the rights of farm owners

c. working on the farms every day

d. improving the conditions for farmworkers

143

a. Peanuts was the world’s most widely read comic strip.

b. Schulz was a very famous cartoonist.

c. Schulz turned the pain of his youth into success as an adult.

d. The comic strip Peanuts featured children as its only characters

144

a. cash will become virtually obsolete in the near future

b. using cash will become popular again

c. paying with credit cards all the time is dangerous

d. societies that do business online will struggle

145

a. use first aid on an accident victim without medical training

b. attempt to help an accident victim without permission

c. help a victim before an ambulance arrives

d. call for an ambulance instead of helping the victim

146

a. Hispanic person to travel into space

b. inventor to travel into space

c. woman to travel into space

d. Hispanic woman to travel into space

147

a. owning a cat requires less work than owning a dog

b. people who are away from home during the day should not own a cat

c. people who like to play with their pets should own a cat

d. owning a cat is more responsibility than owning a dog

148

The main difference between academic writing and normal

writing is that academic writing:

(a) uses longer words

(b) tries to be precise and unbiased

149

The difference between a project and an essay is:

(a) essays are longer

(b) projects are longer

150

Teachers complain most about students:

(a) not answering the question given

(b) not writing enough

...

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