What is a near miss?

 What is a near miss? 
A near miss means dangerous proximity in the sky and reduced safe separation can lead to mid-air collision with fatal consequences [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] (последствия). Pilots have to monitor TCAS display to prevent potential hazard. Pilots must follow only the TCAS command because TCAS has less possibility to make a mistake.
In case of air-miss a flight crew have to file a safety report. 
 What equipment prevents an aircraft from an impact into terrain?
EGPWS provides pilots with aural and visual warnings to avoid the controlled flight into terrain.
This system uses GPS data to identify a precise aircraft position relatively [ˈrelətɪvlɪ](относительно) to Terrain.

 Why do pilots practice a belly-landing on simulators?
We do not practice belly-landing on a full flight simulator. Anyway I remember how we trained belly landing and ditching a few years ago.
We must follow QRH procedures. 
Why is bird activity dangerous for flights?
Bird activity can cause a serious hazard to a flight safety such as a windscreen cracks [kræks](трещины) and various damages. But in worst [wɜːst] (наихудший) case a bird strike can lead to engine failure or stall. Of course, the multiple [ˈmʌltɪpl] bird strikes or ingestions are the most dangerous!
 Why is it effective to analyze aviation incident reports?
We must analyze [ˈænəlaɪz] aviation incident reports to learn lessons and to be aware of potential risks and know how to react [rɪˈækt]  if something goes wrong. 
 What goods are classified as dangerous?
As far as I remember there are 9 classes [klɑːsɪz] of dangerous goods and the IATA publishes the Dangerous Goods Regulations in accordance with the ICAO technical instructions.
Dangerous goods are materials or items which can pose a potential hazard to human health, safety, or infrastructure and these goods must be properly handled in use or in transport.
 What does «an aviation accident» mean?
Accident in aviation means an aviation event with fatal [feɪtl] consequences(последствиями). Unfortunately, it leads to victims [ˈvɪktɪms](жертвам) and fatalities [fəˈtælɪtɪz] (гибель людей). 
 What is the difference between a runway incursion and a runway excursion?
A runway incursion means unauthorized entering the RW caused by bad visibility , loss of situation awareness , miscommunication or pilots error, it can lead to unpredictable consequences(последствия).
Runway excursion means an overrun of the runway due to malfunctions or un-stabilized approach. 
 What medical problems need a request for ambulance?
There are many problems which may occur [əˈkɜː] during the flight such as a heart [hɑːt], epileptic [epɪˈleptɪk], asthma [ˈæsmə] attacks, severe drug or food poisoning [ˈpɔɪznɪŋ] and so on..
Major [ˈmeɪʤə] medical problems can lead to a decision to proceed to the nearest or alternate aerodrome and we must request an ambulance [ˈæmbjʊləns]. 

 What weather phenomena cannot be identified by in-flight radar?
So, the weather radar cannot detect a wake turbulence, Ice crystals, clear air turbulence, these radar can identify a water drops only. 
 How do weather conditions affect aircraft endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns](прочность)?
In my opinion, pilots should consider many factors  such as  clear air turbulence,  tornado, wind shear and  we need to take enough fuel to deliver passengers from A to B airport. 
 In what situations shall a pilot override the autopilot?
Pilots shall override the autopilot in case of any abnormal situation, we have to take over control in order to avoid uncontrollable behavior [bɪˈheɪvjə] (поведение) of aircraft in accordance with a golden rules.
 What does a flight plan contain?
A flight plan contains flight time on route, departure and arrival information, way points and other necessary information.
 How does jet lag influence passenger and pilot behavior [bɪˈheɪvjə](поведение)?
Firstly passengers and pilots experience fatigue due to lack of sleep. PAXs may be angry [ˈæŋgrɪ], aggressive or depressed [dɪˈprest]. Basically [ˈbeɪsɪkəlɪ] pilots suffer from an accumulated fatigue and can lose situational awareness that may lead to a serious mistakes. 
 What does a re-routing mean?
It means change of flight  route or diverting to alternate airport due to a problem such as an adverse weather, medical issue or any malfunction. 
 What is slot-time?
Slot-time means a specific time is assigned [əˈsaɪnd] by airport automatic system or ATC and a crew have to start push back at this time. It is made to increase airport capability and reduce delays.
 Why is diplomatic entry clearance required by some countries?
Diplomatic [dɪpləˈmætɪk] entry clearance is required for some countries in case of military actions, a war or potential hazard for flight safety.
What factors may have impact on aircraft performance?
There are a lot of factors which may affect an aircraft  performance such as environment, technical and human factors. For example the icing condition can increase a fuel consumption . 
  What do you do to avoid communication problems in English?
In order to minimize a risk of miss communication ,I try to repeat my English grammar, listen to live ATC channel, practice speaking with natives [ˈneɪtɪvs] (носитель)and watch documentaries [dɒkjʊˈmentərɪs] about aviation.
 Why should pilots discuss airport layout [ˈleɪaʊt](расположение) during initial briefing?
We discuss airport layout during initial briefing to get a specific information about this airport in order to avoid confuses.
Generally we discuss a SPECIAL FEATURES [ˈfiːʧəs] (особенности) of this airport like a hot spots, crossings or parallel [ˈpærəlel] runways, links and stands.  
 Why is de-icing procedure sometimes necessary?
We shall request de-icing procedure because ice accumulation increase an aircraft weight and reduce lift and lead to a degraded [dɪˈgreɪdɪd] performance. The worst [wɜːst] cases          scenarios [sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊ] are stall, unreliable speed indication and various failures. 
 How do landmarks [ˈlændmɑːk](ориентиры) help to perform flights under VFR?
Generally pilots use visual references on a ground  to understand where we are, where to go and where we should be. These references are like a waypoints on ND being under IFR.