The Ways of Translating Phraseological Units

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF   KAZAKHSTAN

COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

The Ways of Translating Phraseological Units

                                                                                                 Course Paper

                                                              Student: Zhumazhan B. Group: AI-31

                                                                    Supervisor: Maral B. Dosmagambetova

                                                                   Karaganda 2022-2023

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………        3

CHAPTER I  THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS………...4

1.1 Meanings and definitions of phraseological units……………………………....4

1.2 Translation of phraseological units……………………………………………...7

1.3  Internal form of phraseological units…………………………………………..12

1.4 Structural classification of phraseological units and its stability……………….14

CHAPTER II.

2.1

2.2

2.3

CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………17

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………18

APPENDIX

                                    INTRODUCTION

The richness of vocabulary of every language depends on not only the ways of forming new words, but also on the permanent idioms it may form. The science which studies the ‘world’ of those units is called phraseology. Phraseology is the science about idioms, and it was firstly used in 1928 by Y.D. Polovinov. [1]

Phraseological units began to be studied by scientists at the beginning of the twentieth century. The term "phraseological unit" was first introduced by the Swiss linguist Charles Balli (1865-1947) [2].

Many English phraseological units have no equivalents in Kazakh.  When we translate stable word combinations, we have to look at the context, because a lot depends on it. There are phraseological units that are quite ambiguous, which makes it difficult to translate.

The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that the translation of phraseological units causes serious difficulties. The problem is that it is possible to make big mistakes in the translation of phraseological units.

Linguists recommend different strategies, techniques and methods of translation, determined by the situation of communicative communication.

Modern English idioms are very diverse.We believe that the treasure of the language are phraseological units.After all, it reflects the history and culture of the people, the way of lipu.

The object of the study of this work is translation of phraseological units.

The subject of the study is phraseology.

Translation of phraseological units is one of the most complex and interesting problems being developed within the framework of modern translation theory.The efficiency of translation of phraseological units is determined by very many factors.

The translation of phraseological units from English into other languages is very difficult. This is due to the fact that many of them are bright, figurative, concise, and polysemous. When translating, it is necessary not only to convey the meaning of phraseological units, but also to display their imagery, without missing its stylistic function. It is also necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the context.

The aim of the study is to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of the method of translation of phraseological units and achieving an adequate translation. In order to achieve the goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

- to reveal the concept of a phraseological unit;

- to consider the types of phraseological units;

- consider the methods of translation of English phraseological units;

- to identify the difficulties that arise when translating phraseological units from one language to another

The structure of the work includes the introduction, the main part, consisting of 2 chapters as well as the conclusion and a list of repurences

CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS.

1. Meanings and definitions of phraseological units

Phraseology is a branch of linguistics which studies different types of set expressions, which like words name various objects and phenomena.They exist in the language as ready-made units. A Phraseological unit  can be defined as a non-motivated word-group that cannot be freely made up in speech, but is reproduced as a ready-made unit.It is a group of words whose meaning cannot be deduced by examining the meaning of the constituent lexemes. [3]

American and British lexicographers call such units «idioms». We can mention such dictionaries as: L. Smith «Words and Idioms», V. Collins «A Book of English Idioms» etc. Many researchers have worked on the concept of phraseology, studied structural specifics and identified types of combinations. There is no single, generally accepted concept of a phraseological unit yet. According to A.V. Kunin, PU is a stable combination of lexemes with a completely or partially reinterpreted meaning. [4] Researcher Solodub Yu.P. defines phraseology as a stable combination of words with a holistic generalized figurative meaning that arose on the basis of a figurative reinterpretation of a verbal complex. [5] Semantic stability implies the stability of the fully or partially reinterpreted meaning of phraseology.Completely rethought, for example:

Between wind and water / Жел мен судың арасында / – at or below the waterline, in the most vulnerable place, not in the eyebrow, but in the eye.

a man of iron / Темір адам/ – Here the words “Man” are used in the literal sense, and “Of iron” - in the reinterpreted.

Most researchers, such as N.M. Shansky, V.V. Vinogradov, A.I. Molotkov, etc., distinguish as the main structure of phraseology: stability - manipusts itself at different levels of language: lexical, morphological, syntactic.

V.N. Telia speaks of complete or partial idiomaticity, that is, literal untranslatability to others languages, and belonging to the nominative inventory of the language, that is, the ability to name. [6]