The Globalization of World Politics

Student name: Torekul Togzhan

Title: Baylis/Smith/Owens (eds.), The Globalization of World Politics, chapter 3 “International History of the Twentieth Century”, pp. 54-69 and “IR Theory’s 21st Century Experiential Evolution”.

Introduction

This week’s reading  report consists of the main book called “The Globalization of World Politics” and the second book,which was defended by one team of our group called  “IR Theory’s 21st Century Experiential Evolution”. There are crucial books for us, for students of International Relations,especially more of all informations  and materials focusing on  wars, obstacles between great countries, nuclear and atomic force weapons and other. “The Globalization of World Politics”this book  has been fully revised to cover the latest developments in world politics. The book features three new chapters on International Law, Terrorism, and Social Constructivism and two updated case studies. Written specially for those coming to the subject for the first time, this book has been carefully and clearly  edited by John Baylis and Steve Smith and Patricia Owens on a high level. And the book  “IR Theory’s 21st Century Experiential Evolution” written by Robert L.Oprisko is talking about the most important negotiations, from simple to incredibly important, conclusions, deals, organizations and, more importantly, about current changes that can radically change the world both for the better and for the worse at the international level.

The main part

Since the 1900s, world politics has gone through numerous technological, ideological, political and large-scale crises and losses. This book is divided into certain chapters, and each chapter impresses with special structures that have their own ideas. In the 3rd chapter of those chapters, 3 important situations are discussed, they are: the period when the power and rank of Europe, which was the head of the judges of the world, decreased somewhat after the 20th century, and the whole world went to mass war; The destruction of the empire and the liberation of the countries under its possession by those European countries; Cold War period: leading to political, military and nuclear confrontation between East and West. 3 reasons and fundamental changes seem to allow for a deeper study of international politics and various events and trends that continue in the 21st century. The system of world politics, which began at the beginning of the 20th century, was observed in the actions and movements of several countries of the world. That is, at that time, the countries on each side, which played a role worthy of the name of the great power of the world, played against each other in various spheres: political, social and spiritual. The war that started with the First World War brought the history of international relations from the conflict between Western, Eastern and European countries. Although the debate about the causes of the First World War was complex and numerous, it was not difficult to understand the goals of the parties involved in the war. The societies of countries that are hostile to each other have common nationalistic beliefs and patriotic values. The participants in the war believed that it would be a short, victorious and, in most cases, glorious war. But it did not happen as expected. The hopes of the warring states to win during the war were easily shattered by the reality of the vision and the newly emerging method of ground warfare. Defensive techniques, consisting of underground, surface and underwater fighting with machine guns, atomic and nuclear weapons, are far more advanced than the strategy of verbal and physical intimidation. After the end of imperialism in the 20th century, many changes took place in world politics. This led to Europe becoming a weak country that could not be challenged by force rather than being the arbiter state that it used to be. Each nation came to the principle of self-determination, and after 1945, imperialism became a term of reproach. At the same time, the system of decolonization of European countries such as Britain and France was going on. Since 1947, Britain has declared independence for several countries, among which India was the first to become a unique independent country and a democratic country. In general, the breakup of British empires was more peaceful, although Central Africa and its surroundings, with the exception of Kenya and Malaya, became independent. In the same way, independence was granted in France, but in the opposite way to Britain. In the end, he kept Algeria in his hands and considered it a part of France. The global trend of decolonization, which was the main event of world politics in the 20th century, was formed by local conditions and the international causes of the Cold War.