General glossary

Term

Index

Definition

Ukrainian equivalent

accuracy

2.1

The ability to write or speak a foreign language without making grammatical, vocabulary, spelling or pronunciation mistakes. Compare with fluency.

мовна правильність

achievement test

4.4

A test which looks back over a long period of language learning to test how much of the syllabus the learners have learnt. Also known as attainment test.

тест досягнень

acquisition

1.2

The way in which languages are learnt unconsciously or ‘picked up’ by exposure to natural situations

оволодіння

action research

5.4

Classroom-based critical investigation conducted by teachers in order to reflect upon and improve their teaching  

дослідження власної педагогічної діяльності

action research cycle

5.4

A sequential set of research steps

цикл у дослідженні

active vocabulary

2.3

Vocabulary that you can recall and use at will in speaking or writing when the situation requires it

активний словник

activity

0.1

A short task which is a part of a lesson

вид діяльності/вправа

adaptation

4.2

The process of changing an existing piece of material to meet the needs of a particular group of learners

адаптація

affective  factors

1.1

Emotional factors which influence learning. They can have a negative or positive effect on learning.

афективні (емотивні) фактори

aids

2.4

The things that a teacher uses in class to support teaching and learning. May be technical (e.g. recordings, computer programs) and non-technical (e.g. board, pictures, flashcards).

засоби навчання

aim

0.1

An overall target to be achieved by learners by the end of a course or part of the course

мета

appraisal

4.3

A face-to-face meeting with a student or a teacher to discuss performance

обговорення вчителем діяльності учня в його присутності

approach

2.1

Principles of teaching including views on method, syllabus, and a philosophy of language and learning. Approaches have theoretical backing with practical applications.

підхід

appropriacy

4.3

The most suitable choice of language for the situation, the relationship between speakers, the topic, etc.  

ситуативна доцільність  

aptitude

1.3

An individual’s potential for success in learning a subject, e.g. English

здібності до вивчення предмета, напр., англійської мови

attitude

1.3

The mindset with which we approach a task, a process or a discipline, e.g. ‘He has a positive attitude to learning English’. Closely connected with motivation and cognitive styles.

ставлення

assessment

1.3

Collecting data or forming an opinion on learners’ achievement, proficiency or progress either formally (awarding marks) or informally.

оцінювання

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

5.2

A specific learning condition characterized by low concentration span, poor working memory, and slow understanding of concepts or questions

cиндром дефіциту уваги

Attention Deficit

Hyperactivity

Disorder (ADHD)

5.2

A specific learning difficulty characterised by impulsiveness, low concentration span and limited organisational skills

cиндром  гіперактивності

Audio-Lingual Method

2.1

A method focussed on drilling key language structures orally. It is derived from the behaviourist belief that repetition helps to form habits.

аудіолінгвальний метод

Audio-Visual Method

2.1

A method based on transmitting meanings through visual images and then providing the language needed to communicate these meanings

аудіовізуальний метод

authentic materials

4.2

Written or spoken texts originally intended for native speakers. The sources may be, e.g. newspapers, radio, TV, the Internet.

автентичні матеріали

authentic tasks

4.2

Types of tasks which are situated in meaningful contexts, are relevant to learners’ needs and reflect the way they might be found and approached in real life

автентичні завдання

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

5.2

A psychological condition presenting itself in a variety of forms (Autism, Asperger Syndrome)manifested in   limited empathy, literal thinking, and limited ability to engage in social  situations

аутизм, синдром Аспергера