Контрольная работа по "Английский язык"

Контрольная работа.

Английский язык.

Types of law.

2.

1. She was injured badly in the car accident. Она была сильно ранена в автомобильной аварии.

2. Girls need special treatment while in prison. Девушки в тюрьме нуждаются в особом обращении.

3. A person harmed by a crime is a victim. Лицо, пострадавшее от преступления, называется жертвой

4. Writing a cheque is quite a simple procedure. Выписать чек – довольно простая процедура.

5. Civil law systems are codified systems, and the basic law is found in codes. Системы гражданского права являются кодифицированными системами, и основной закон входит в структуру кодексов.

6. You will have to use your judgment. Вам придется принять решение.

7. A person who has broken the law is an offender. Лицо, нарушившее закон, является преступником.

8. There are some special requirements  for those who enter the faculty of law. Существуют особые требования для тех, кто поступает на юридический факультет.

9. A famous lawyer was asked to appear for the prosecution. Знаменитому адвокату было предложено выступить на стороне обвинения.

10. The sale of narcotics is prohibited in our country. Продажа наркотиков в нашей стране запрещена.

11. A criminal act may cause harm to some individual. Уголовное преступление может причинить некоторым лицам вред.

12. Parliament has passed an act prohibiting the sale of narcotics. Парламентом принят закон, запрещающий продажу наркотиков.

13. A civil or criminal judicial proceeding is action. Гражданское или уголовное судопроизводство - это разбирательство.

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Reading and language study

Types of Law

(I) The content of law may be categorized as substantive and procedural. Substantive laws consist of rights, duties, and prohibitions administered by courts—which behaviors are to be allowed and which are prohibited (such as prohibition against murder or the sale of narcotics). Procedural laws are rules, concerning how substantive laws are to be administered, enforced, changed, and used by players in the legal system (such as filing charges, electing a jury, presenting evidence in court or drawing up a will).

(II) A distinction is also made between public law and private law. Public law is concerned with the structure of government, the duties and powers of officials, and the relationship between the individual and the state. It includes such subjects as constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law and procedure, and law relating to the proprietary powers of the state and its political subdivisions. Private law is concerned with both substantive and procedural rules governing relationships between individuals (the law of torts or private injuries, contracts, property, wills, inheritance, marriage, divorce, adoption, and the like).

(III) *A more familiar distinction is between civil law and criminal law. Civil law, as private law, consists of a body of rules and procedures tended to govern the conduct of individuals in their relationships with others. Violations of civil statutes, called torts, are private wrongs for which the injured individual may seek redress in the courts for the harm he or she experienced. In most cases, some form of payment is required from the offender to compensate for the injury he or she has caused. Criminal law is concerned with the definition of crime and the prosecution and penal treatment of offenders. Although a criminal act may cause harm to some individual, crimes are regarded as offenses against the state or "the people." A crime is a "public," as opposed to a "private," wrong. It is the state, not the harmed individual that takes action against the offender. Occasionally, a criminal action may be followed up by a civil suit such as in a rape case where the victim may seek financial compensation in addition to criminal sanctions.