Судьи в Англии

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ВОЛГОГРАДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Институт права

Кафедра германской и романской филологии

КУРСОВАЯ РАБОТА

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский) в сфере юриспруденции»

на тему: Judges

Работу выполнил: 

Попова А.А.

Студент группы: ЮЗ-171

Научный руководитель:

Кандидат педагогических наук, доц.

Кочеткова Светлана Юрьевна

Волгоград, 2021

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….…...P.3

CHAPTER 1. HISTORY OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF ENGLAND…….P.5

CHAPTER 2. HIERARCHY OF JUDGES …………………………………….P.9

2.1. JUDGES OF THE HIGHEST RANK………………………………………P.12

2.2. JUDGES OF LOWER COURTS …………………………………………..P.16

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………P.20

GLOSSARY…………………………………………………………………….P.22

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………P.24

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………...P.25

Introduction

     The judicial system of Great Britain is one of the most ancient, complex and intricate systems in the world. Since there is no written constitution in the country the decisions of judges on various issues are coordinated between Higher and Lower Courts regularly. For example, in the case of proceedings that affect the interests of the state or have a rather complicated course, a lower court judge may well seek help from  colleagues from the Supreme Court.

     Therefore, the topic of my work is ‘’Judges of modern Britain’’. In the abstract, I will consider the history of the emergence of the judicial system of the UK, the first judges and their types. The relevance of the chosen topic is primarily due to the fact that in the UK, as in other countries, the problem of combating crime is very actual. In order for this struggle to achieve its goal, the conscientious and effective work of the bodies investigating crimes is necessary. The British government has finally realized that it is time to abandon the centuries-old tradition of the adversarial process in its most original form. The public Prosecution Service began to be introduced in England quite cautiously.   The new state prosecutors are endowed with a broad opportunity to "filter" the cases received from the police. At their discretion, they can either support the charge brought by the police, or freely refuse to support it. Finally, it is of interest to analyze the patterns manifested in the judicial and procedural legislation of the UK in recent years.   The object of the study are judges of different courts. The subject is the activity of judges and the functions performed by them.

     The report I have written has practical significance due to the research materials which can be used to prepare for exams. The goal of the work is theoretical study of the activity of judges in the UK. To achieve the goal of the study the following tasks were set:

- To give a full judges’ description and their duties;

- To get acquainted with the history of the origin of the judicial system headed by judges;

- Analyze the studied material.

     The report consists of introduction, the main part made up of 2 chapters, conclusion, glossary, references and appendix.

1. History of the judicial system of England

     I would like to start my report with the history of the judicial system’s beginning in England and, consequently, with the work of the first judges.

     The history of English law is inseparable from the history of the judicial system. In the creation of an unified national system of law in England, the leading role belonged not to Parliament, but to the royal judges and courts. Suffice it to recall that the royal court system originated here a whole century earlier than the prototype of the modern parliament appeared.

When the Normans introduced a new governing body (the Royal Council), it was entrusted with checking the correctness of paying taxes, as well as judicial and legislative functions. This body can be considered as a kind of prototype of what later became the modern British parliament and the judicial system. Under Henry I (1100-1135), the Council gradually turned into the highest treasury of the country, endowed with judicial functions. In fact, it became the first main royal court introduced as opposed to local courts.

The Royal Council consisted of the king and his entourage, as well as the largest landowners and numerous less well-born nobles. The full council met only once a year (like the modern parliament - on the day of its opening). During the year, the meetings of the council were held in a narrower composition. The meetings dealt with the most important disputes between the nobility (for example, between landowners). The Normans took measures to make the law truly general, that is, the right of the entire population. With the approval of the practice of traveling court sessions, the Royal Council loses its judicial significance.